Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Impact of Sadness and Anxiety on Individuals-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Impact Of Sadness And Anxiety On Individuals? Answer: Presentation A few examinations uncover that an expected five percent of the working populace have enthusiastic disarranges connected to gloom or nervousness (Sanderson Andrews, 2006). There is proof that these scatters impede the capacity of people to perform better grinding away (Lagerveld et al., 2010). Ashkanasy, Zerbe Hrtel (2000) takes note of that by and large, individuals a to ponder work to the detriment of those individuals with passionate issues, or thinking sanely and in dispassionate financial terms concern the cooperation between the individuals and the association. In an investigation led by Westen, Burton Kowalski (2006), it is noticed that however not a few people experience enthusiastic issues, everyone experience fluctuated feelings, indeed, different and various feelings in a solitary day. A few points of view have investigated how feelings impact dynamic (Brief Wiess, 2002). Basic Review This audit plans to evaluate the expected effect of discouragement and tension on how individuals settle on choices and associations that are basic to hierarchical conduct. Thusly, this audit is centered around contrasts in misery and tension experienced by numerous specialists, rather than enthusiastic disarranges. This audit begins by giving a blueprint of hypotheses about feelings and dispositions, explicitly trouble and uneasiness which influences the dynamic and decisions of people in an association. Further, the survey expects to look at the impact of pity and uneasiness on relational cooperation, relational recognition, and dynamic. Applicable Theories Various mental speculations set that when people feel on edge or trouble, it debilitates their judgment, dynamic, and assessment with respect to influence harmonious heading (Bower, 1991). In such manner, the choices caused will to be identified with the general valence of a person's state of mind (Clore Gasper, 2000). Proof has indicated that when individuals are dismal, they will in general settle on terrible or negative choices. For example, if an organization offers a prize, a person who is pitiful can see it in a contrary way instead of a glad individual (Forgas George, 2001). The influence harmonious variables that are utilized to assess how an outcome is esteemed may impact workers choices to seek after remunerations in an association (Vroom, 1964). The influence congruency point of view has an innate confinement since it viably makes a supposition that each feeling of comparative valence, for instance, pity and uneasiness prompts same result (Raghunathan Pham, 1999). Studies done by Learner, Small Loewenstein (2004) have discredited this attestation by uncovering that nauseate and misery have differed sway on an individual in regards to choices made for monetary reasons. Gino, Brooks Schweitzer (2012) contended that outrage and nervousness effectsly affect how individuals gain and utilization of guidance to educate their choices. Consequently, if influence congruity indicated a general impact, as set by Mayer, Gaschke, Braverman Evans (1992), at that point every terrible mind-set should prompt comparable results. There are different hypotheses that clarify the how dynamic is impacted by misery and nervousness. The Different Affect Different Effect model, sets that that bitterness and nervousness lead to different perspectives, that winds up in various results in a comparable circumstance most definitely (Ragunathan Corfman, 2004). The DADE contends that when people feel on edge, they persuade inspiration to be quick to the encompassing and keep away from famous dangers and dangers (Maner et al., 2007; Raghunathan Corfman, 2004). As indicated by Eysenck, Payne, Santos (2006), there is have to stress over a danger or something that is going to turn out badly some place. Tragically, when individuals feel miserable, it implies that something terrible has just occurred (Essence et al., 2006). Subsequently, in light of DADE, individuals are roused to be upbeat again and endeavor to look for delight and results as opposed to focusing on dangers and dangers. While influence congruity keeps up that trouble and nervousness firmly influence the result of a specific choice, the DADE model sets that uneasiness and pity influence the result in various measures and heading. A few scholars have that tension influences a people data preparing limit since they regularly center quite a bit of their consideration around antagonism thus winding up with insufficient subjective assets (Darke, 1988; Eysenck, 1992). Proof recommends that pity and uneasiness may meddle with a people capacity important decisions (Mui, Heilman, Houser, 2008). Late investigations have recommended that when people experience tension, they get the inspiration to check the impediments set on their subjective assets (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos Calvo, 2007). An issue that emerges out of this contention is that the extra exertion intended to defeat these intellectual impediments is all the more regularly sketchy. This is so specific in conditions where the errand is intellectually requesting, for example, a mind boggling dynamic. A few researchers have contended against the idea that uneasiness hinders dynamic and data preparing by setting that misery should add to upgraded dynamic and data handling (Bless, 2001). There are additionally researchers who bolster the contentions of the DADE model by contending that misery signs to think profoundly at whatever point there is something occurring or going to happen an in order to fix it (Lerner et al., 2004). Darke (1988) contends that while bitterness restricts a people data handling, (Bless, 2001) pity doesn't. Forgas (2002) opines that pity spurs exhaustive, profound, and explanatory data handling. Effect of Anxiety on Interpersonal Perception Collaboration among individuals in an association is urgent. Also, productive correspondence and judicious relational dynamic advance smooth running of an association (Ivancevich, Konopaske Matteson, 2011). It gets the job done to call attention to that there are a few different ways trouble and nervousness deliberately influence relational communications, choices, and discernment in an authoritative settings. Individuals have been found to take part in negative assessment of their associates, and this is steady with the contentions of effect congruity (Forgas, 1990). Despite what might be expected, a few discoveries have indicated stamped irregularity. In an examination done by Lambert, Khan, Lickel Fricke (1997) pitiful individuals demonstrated a positive assessment of their partners at work. Dismal individuals are accepted to concentrate more on negative musings and thus impact the choices that they make (Forgas, 1995). Besides, in conditions where individuals build up an exact impression of others, the profound thought by tragic people may prompt a less precise assessment on a subsequent theory (Ambady Gray, 2002). Nervousness prompts wrong choices and one-sided decisions as one may depend vigorously on generalizations (Curtis Locke, 2005, 2007). The impact of pity and nervousness on relational observation has broad results on work-execution and dynamic. Choices made by the human asset the board might be impacted by trouble and nervousness (McCarthy Goffin, 2004; Nguyen Ryan, 2008). The disposition and reasonable judgment of partners by their capacities and ineptitudes might be one-sided (Forgas Bower, 1987). Gets the job done to make reference to is the way that ceaseless misery and tension that prompts relentless negative or stereotypic assessments and desires prompts pessimism in an association (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Effect of Sadness and Anxiety on Negotiation Ivancevich et al. (2011) call attention to that bartering and exchange are critical in each association for better outcomes. Arrangement is a sort of dynamic that involves legitimate arranging and planning; all which are vital for achieving ideal shared outcome in an association (Ivancevich et al., 2011). A few sorts of exploration have inspected the effect that tragic and restless individuals have on arrangement and the outcomes. It is crucial to call attention to that these investigations have collectively concurred that both misery and nervousness influence arrangement adversely. Studies on pity have uncovered that it lessens collaboration and consequently, raises the degree of rivalry during dealings (Forgas, 1998). Forgas (2002) that trouble prompts negativity henceforth the challenges in dealings. In such manner, negative individuals of do not have oneself drive to make explicit arrangement plans and regularly show elevated standards in an exchange procedure (Forgas, 1998). Tension additionally influences exchange procedure and execution (Brooks Schweitzer, 2011). Nervousness is accepted to improve people groups wants to acknowledge bargains that are offered to them while miserable individuals are related with decreased arrangement making. As per Brooks Schweitzer (2011), tension impacts a people first offers since will in general give a lower starting proposal during dealings. Studies have demonstrated inspiration that underlies poor arrangement execution is comprehended with regards to the outside condition and the person. As indicated by Forgas (1998), the impact of bitterness on exchange is absolutely determined by cynicism because of negative thoughts. Then again, nervousness impacts arrangement through a decrease in fearlessness (Brooks Schweitzer, 2011). Impact of Sadness and Anxiety on Requests and Advice It is significant that solicitations and exhortation are basic in relational association in an association since they upgrade data obtaining for settling on educated choices (Gino et al. 2012). A few examinations have uncovered that misery and nervousness impact how people look for counsel and make demands in an association. How individuals outline their solicitations and look for counsel can impact others in the association as they decide if the activities are substantial (Yukl, Seifert Chavez, 2008). Solicitations oug

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Sin in the Scarlet Letter free essay sample

Pick one and form an article in light of the inquiries it raises. The exposition ought to be 3-5 pages long, ought to be cautiously edited, and ought to follow the rules characterized by MLA. Due Tuesday, September 27, 2011, toward the start of class. 1. Clarify how The Scarlet Letter might be perused as a â€Å"psychological novel. † You might need to concentrate on the mental idea of a couple of characters, or you might need to follow a specific part of brain research over various characters. You ought to acquaint yourself with probably some fundamental ideas of brain research (constraint, the oblivious, and so forth ) and the proper terms used to depict them. 2. Do you consider Hester to be a solid female character? Or then again, to place it in another way, is The Scarlet Letter a women's activist novel? You should give, first, your own meaning of the term â€Å"feminist† before you proceed onward to your contention about the point. We will compose a custom paper test on Sin in the Scarlet Letter or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What is the essentialness of nature in The Scarlet Letter? What are a portion of the manners by which Hawthorne use parts of nature or common settings in the novel, and what do you think about these portrayals? . What do you think about Hawthorne’s character Pearl? Despite the fact that she from the outset has all the earmarks of being an auxiliary character in the novel, Pearl considers essentially along with a large number of the novel’s key story occasions. How do Pearl’s activities speak to her unmistakable personality? What is Pearl’s centrality in the novel overall (and remember to consider what happens to Pearl at the finish of the account)? 5. The epic utilizes images. Examine the distinction between the Puritans’’ utilization of images (the meteor, for instance) and the way that the storyteller utilizes images. Do both have strict ramifications? Do images anticipate occasions or just remark on them sometime later? How would they help the characters comprehend their lives, and how would they help the peruser comprehend Hawthorne’s book? 6. Youngsters assume an assortment of jobs in this novel. Pearl is both a gift and a revile to Hester, and she appears now and again to fill in as Hester’s heart. The town kids, then again, are pitiless and mercilessly legitimate about their assessment of Hester and Pearl. For what reason are youngsters introduced as more insightful and more genuine than grown-ups? How do kids contrast from grown-ups in their potential for communicating these recognitions?

Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in NSW Free Essays

‘Evaluate the adequacy of the criminal equity framework in NSW’ The NSW criminal equity framework identifies with all regions related with the law and law requirement, including the individuals who are imprisoned, waiting on the post trial process, or associated with carrying out a criminal offense. In assessing the adequacy of the criminal equity framework in NSW there are three issues which can be thought of; choices to gaol, charge exchange and the job of the courts. We will compose a custom article test on Viability of the Criminal Justice System in NSW or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now These issues advance or downgrade the viability of the NSW criminal equity framework, particularly when assessed as far as fairness, availability, asset productivity, and the parity of rights for casualties, wrongdoers and society. These issues are additionally talked about broadly in the media, which presents an alternate point of view for a considerable lot of these issues, and gives the vital constrain required to start law change on these issues. One of the most significant issues in the NSW criminal equity framework is the accessibility of options in discipline, beside detainment. Aside from criminal encroachment sees, there are a lot progressively genuine options in contrast to a jail sentence, including home detainment. Home confinement, made under the Home Detention Act 1996 (NSW), is appropriate for specific guilty parties, who have carried out peaceful violations and have been condemned to under year and a half detainment. Home confinement is probably going to be questionable for increasingly genuine offenses, for example, murder or rape, as there is conceivable high danger of reoffending. Network administration orders are additionally accessible as a methods for disgracing and rebuffing guilty parties, while encouraging recovery by requiring a time of correcting their wrongs towards the network. Diversionary projects are utilized to redirect certain wrongdoers from reoffending, through recovery. More than 150 guilty parties a year complete The Drug Courts diversionary program. As indicated by the NSW Crime Bureau examination of the adequacy of the Drug court, they found that; 37% of hoodlums were less inclined to be reconvicted for any offense, 65% were more averse to be reconvicted for offenses against the individual and 57% were less inclined to be reconvicted for a medication offense. The utilization of these choices are compelling as far as the previously mentioned standards as it gives a feeling of uniformity between various citizenry pursued for similar wrongdoings, as they each have the ability to be given the equivalent diversionary program, as long as they fulfill the vital models. The diversionary projects are very asset productive as they commonly cost less every day than the $205 important for the normal jail prisoner. It additionally gives an equalization of rights to the people in question and the guilty parties, just as society as they are for the most part profiting by these projects. Charge arrangement, including request bartering, is the place charges are either dropped, or decreased in kind for an early liable supplication, as set out in the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999. There are numerous issues related with charge arrangement, as appeared through ‘True Plea on Justice’, a Daily Telegraph article distributed on October eleventh 2010, which subtleties the predicament of casualties of wrongdoing, who are not recounted the charge exchange occurring, until they go to the preliminary. Under new rules from the state government, examiners should now finish an authentication specifying the meeting with casualties and their families. This change of current rules shows the deficiencies while with respect to the equalization of rights for casualties, in spite of the fact that this issues is being redressed. Charge arrangement is additionally powerful when surveyed for asset productivity, as the expense of an occasionally long preliminary is maintained a strategic distance from. The job of the courts is basic to having a successful lawful framework. The job of the courts is to guarantee a reasonable preliminary follows. Balance inside the court framework is a significant idea, and is exemplified through the important unbiasedness of officers, judges and juries. By and by to guarantee value judges and officers will undoubtedly follow point of reference, or follow condemning rules as indicated by the Criminal Procedure Amendment (Sentencing Guidelines) Act 1998. Huge numbers of the wrongdoings arraigned are laid out in the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), which is open to all individuals from general society, under the standard of law. The courts endeavor to utilize assets proficiently by utilizing juries in all issues bar synopsis offenses, and by requiring ‘leave to look for appeal’ when speaking to the Supreme Court to guarantee that court assets are not tied up in unverified interests. The courts additionally give a parity to casualties, guilty parties and society, by giving important sentences the justice or judge feels is important to mirror the guidelines of society, guarantee a reasonable result for casualties and furthermore to not be over the top to wrongdoers. The criminal equity framework in NSW is successful as in it gives an equivalent, available and asset proficient framework in which equity is accomplished. It additionally gives a fair field to guilty parties to be attempted, and as such come to results that advantage the person in question and society overall. There have been late advancements to guarantee this parity stays, similar to the instance of casualties with respect to charge exchange, demonstrating the turn of events and therefore adequacy of the criminal equity framework in reflecting social orders convictions and qualities. The most effective method to refer to Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in NSW, Essay models

Friday, August 21, 2020

Information Security Threats in Australia

Question: Depict about the Information Security Threats in Australia. Answer: Infection A PC infection is a kind of program written in vindictive code, which spread starting with one host then onto the next host and regularly repeating itself. It works similarly as that of an influenza infection. The infection can't spread except if it is connected to a report or record, particularly in the event that it underpins macros, to execute its codes. During the time spent recreating the infection can regularly degenerate information or harm basic framework documents (Zhu, Yang and Ren 2012). The upsetting and wrecking things an infection can do are assuming control over the machine, spamming email contacts, ruining records, logging keystrokes, and taking information or passwords. To shield a framework and its records from contaminating with infections, an antivirus program, for example, Avast, Norton, AVG or Kaspersky can be utilized. On the other hand, Internet Security Suite can be utilized for those framework requiring the need to go on the web; Different Internet Security suites are Bitdefender Internet Security, Kaspersky Total Security and Avast Premier (Us.norton.com 2016). Another kind of infection rose in 2015 known as the Cryptolocker infection, which commandeered the whole PC or scrambled client's archives and framework records and requested cash to open them. Australians paid a large number of dollars to programmers living abroad to dispose of the Cryptolocker infection, which is likewise named as ransomware. In its present structure, the encryption set by the infection is unbreakable (ABC News 2015). Trojan As expressed by Abuzneid et al. (2015), a Trojan pony or Trojan is a kind of malware that can access a PC framework by camouflaging itself as authentic programming. As a rule, programmers and digital cheats attempt to pick up indirect access to the framework and take delicate information. Trojans frequently stunt the clients by some type of social building to stack into the client's framework and afterward execute malevolent codes. Trojans frequently upset the exhibition of PC systems and PCs. Trojans can duplicate, adjust, square or erase information. Trojans don't reproduce themselves, dissimilar to infections. There are different kinds of Trojans including Trojan-SMS, Trojan-Ransom, Trojan-IM, Trojan-GameThief, Trojan-FakeAV, Trojan-Dropper, and Trojan-DDoS among others (Usa.kaspersky.com 2016). In February of 2016, a Trojan infection played ruin with the correspondences systems of the Australian Parliaments assembling and made it inconceivable for certain tasks to be done. Not long after the issues started, web and telephone systems were closed down. The MPs of the Parliament were sent a notification that telephones and PCs were confined as a prudent step after the Trojan infection hit the Parliament's Information Technology. The occurrence was alluded to as first of its sort in late history (ABC News 2016). Vindictive Application Vindictive applications or basically malware is a product which hurts the data framework systems and PC framework. They can be as adware, rootkits, spyware, Trojans, infections or worms. A typical use of malware is to include programming not endorsed by the client, erase reports and take ensured information. Spyware screens web traffic and track clients area, or catch basic data like quantities of credit and platinum cards (Niemela and Palomaki 2013). Adware triggers different undesirable pop-ups over the sites the client visit, by securing client data from the informal community and different sites. Other than utilizing antivirus and web security suites, malware should be introduced which will sweep and evacuate the framework for any diseases found. Equipment firewall found in switches and programming firewall give extra security to the client in obstructing these diseases (NewsComAu 2016). In March of 2016, another malware has been discharged which targets banking applications of significant banks of Australia. This product has been social built to sidestep two-factor validation and take charge card numbers and client certifications from tainted Android gadgets. The malware made a phony page inside the application which seems to be like the genuine financial page. After clients input their subtleties, the information is then captured. National Australia Bank, ANZ, Westpac, and Commonwealth Bank clients are helpless against the new malware. The malware disease is anything but difficult to spread on Android attributable to the open idea of the Android framework (Turner 2016). Worms As indicated by Aziz (2013), a PC worm is a PC program which can self-duplicate which spreads malevolent codes inside a working framework. A worm transmits its duplicate to different gadgets over the system, making fake throttling of the transfer speed and erasing client records and send delicate information over the web. It additionally opens up the chance of introducing indirect accesses in the framework. The manner in which a PC worm is not quite the same as a PC infection is that a worm can self-imitate and transmit itself over the system, locks onto a record and adventure vulnerabilities naturally without the mediation of the programmer, which makes it significantly more hazardous than an infection. The normal methods of transmission are visiting contaminated sites and record sharing systems. To forestall passage of worms, all product introduced should be refreshed and fixed, and firewall should be introduced for extra security (Mishra and Pandey 2014). The primary worm is accepted to have been customized by programmers situated in Melbourne. Phoenix and Electron are believed to be the two names of the programmers according to government police reports. It was called WANK, customized in DIGITAL Command Language and assaulted DEC VMS over DECnet in 1989. The influenced DECnet arrange was worked mutually by the Department of Energys High Energy Physics Network (HEPnet) and NASA Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) (Applegate 2015). Keylogger A keylogger, regularly named as a keystroke lumberjack screen, is a little application or an equipment gadget, screens a framework for keystroke contribution from the console as the client types. A keylogger equipment gadget is a little battery-worked plug which as a connector and is introduced on the framework and the client's console (Wang 2014). It is generally unrecognizable from the outset sight since it would seem that an ordinary console plug, which acts a disguising instrument. The logged keystrokes are then spared in a book record and put away in memory of the gadget, which must be genuinely unplugged to get to the data. On the off chance that it is a product, the keylogger records every keystroke as the client types, and transfer the information over the Internet (Tuli and Sahu 2013). An assault named as Megacart, adds Javascript to web based business locales and numerous Australian stores have been influenced along these lines. The web based business locales that have been focused on depend on OpenCart, Powerfront CMS, and Magento Commerce. This assault gathers delicate client information as they physically contribution to installment structures, and the information that are gathered incorporates cardholder name, card expiry date, charge card number and CVC number (BIT 2016). References ABC News. (2015). Australians compelled to pay as ransomware infection Cryptolocker seems to be 'unbreakable', master says. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-09/australians-paying-thousands-after-ransomware-infection contamination/6683618 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. ABC News. (2016). Digital security penetrate hits WA Parliament interchanges. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-17/digital security-breachwa-parliament-takes out-correspondences/7176570 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Abuzneid, A.A., Gudipati, V.K., Kumar, V., Vetwal, A. furthermore, Adeniyi, A., 2015. Location of Trojan pony by Analysis of System Behavior and Data Packets. Applegate, S., 2015. Digital Conflict: Disruption and Exploitation in the Digital Age. InCurrent and Emerging Trends in Cyber Operations(pp. 19-36). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Aziz, A., Fireeye, Inc., 2013.Systems and techniques for PC worm guard. U.S. Patent 8,516,593. BIT. (2016). Australian online stores got by keylogger assaults. [online] Available at: https://www.bit.com.au/News/438988,australian-online-stores-got by-keylogger-attacks.aspx [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Mishra, B.K. what's more, Pandey, S.K., 2014. Dynamic model of worm engendering in PC network.Applied Mathematical Modelling,38(7), pp.2173-2179. NewsComAu. (2016). Malware assaults Aussie portable financial clients. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/innovation/on the web/security/modern malware-distinguished that-takes web based banking-passwords-upsets content validation/report/afa5cf65dfcd350acc069aaf41545e39 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Niemel, J. what's more, Palomki, P., F-Secure Oyj, 2013.Malware recognition by application checking. U.S. Patent 8,590,045. Tuli, P. what's more, Sahu, P., 2013. Framework Monitoring and Security Using Keylogger.International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,2(3), pp.106-111. Turner, A. (2016). Malware commandeers enormous four Australian banks' applications, takes two-factor SMS codes. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Accessible at: https://www.smh.com.au/innovation/customer security/malware-captures large four-australian-banks-applications takes twofactor-sms-codes-20160309-gnf528.html [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Us.norton.com. (2016). What Is A Computer Virus?. [online] Available at: https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-PC virus.html [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Usa.kaspersky.com. (2016). What is a Trojan Virus | Malware Protection | Kaspersky Lab US. [online] Available at: https://usa.kaspersky.com/web security-focus/dangers/trojans#.V_m6COB96Hs [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Wang, C.P., 2014.Anti-keylogger PC organize framework. U.S. Patent 8,726,013. Zhu, Q., Yang, X. also, Ren, J., 2012. Displaying and examination of the spread of PC virus.Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,17(12), pp.5117-5124.

Saturday, August 8, 2020

2011 Application Process Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2011 Application Process Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I wanted to take a moment to provide some insight to those that plan on applying for a future semester.   While it is possible to log in to our application at the current time to create an account, it is not yet possible to apply for the spring 2011 or fall 2011 semesters.   Our goal is to have the application live and running by August 15th.   I will keep you updated on our progress on this blog. At this point we recommend that you wait to log in to create an account as we will be making some changes to the application in July and August.   It is fine if you have already created an account, however after the new application goes up you will want to make sure to start at the beginning of the application and review any information you filled in as some of the required fields might change. The deadline for spring 2011 admission will be October 1st and the deadline for fall 2011 admission will be January 5th. We will be taking the application down for a few weeks to implement the technical changes for the coming year.   This will likely occur during the first two weeks of August so we can test the system.   Our changes should not stop you from starting to work on your application materials.   Many of things we ask for will remain constant.   For example: We will still require transcripts from all schools attended since graduating from high school.   Thus you can start accumulating copies of your transcripts for submission.   We do allow applicants to scan copies and upload them to our application site.   This is the recommended method. We will still require two résumés.   A full description of this requirement can be found by clicking here. We will still require either the GRE or the GMAT, and for those that speak English as a second language, the TOEFL or IELTS. We will still require three recommendations.   These should be academic or professional, in other words, individuals that have supervised you in the classroom or in the work place. We will most likely be making some changes to the personal statement so that is something at this point in time that is not decided.   The Admissions Committee hopes to have the final questions/statements ready by the end of July and I will post them to this site as soon as they are finalized.