Friday, September 4, 2020

Personal statement for master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual explanation for ace - Essay Example Information on the two standards will control me in settling on right choices and plan techniques that will be trailed by the individuals in the organization. I accept that these two capacities in the organization ought to be treated with community oriented exertion and as a group to make a culture of concordance in the business. Advertising methodologies are the endeavors done to make consideration, intrigue, want and activity of customers while the executives gives fund and authoritative help in doing the techniques. I had a short spell of dealing with a business on the grounds that my folks own a strip mall, a market and building rentals in my old neighborhood. My folks doled out to me the buying of crude materials and supplies required for the assembling of the items required by our customers. I have taken during the time spent sourcing through the web, through exchange affiliations and referrals. From here, I have accumulated the essential abilities of evaluating, examination, rivalry and quality control. There were occurrences that a cost of a similar crude material will be distinctively offered by a few providers. On account of this error, I got keen on finding the causes why costs act that way, a tad bit of Economics. Along these lines, we have practiced cost proficiency in sourcing of crude materials. In the executives of the organization, I have figured out how to satisfy clients by keeping up great client relations, similarly; I have rehearsed conduct control of representatives working f or us. This little information, I expectation could be exceptionally helpful in my investigations of Business Management. I am certain that the training that I will gain from this college will assume a significant job in planning my future in the profession way that I have made for my life. This early, I intend to be a fruitful business visionary some time or another or directly after I have completed my investigations and apply what I realize in school. With appropriate instructive direction, I realize I won't turn out badly in choices and procedures

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Impact of Sadness and Anxiety on Individuals-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Impact Of Sadness And Anxiety On Individuals? Answer: Presentation A few examinations uncover that an expected five percent of the working populace have enthusiastic disarranges connected to gloom or nervousness (Sanderson Andrews, 2006). There is proof that these scatters impede the capacity of people to perform better grinding away (Lagerveld et al., 2010). Ashkanasy, Zerbe Hrtel (2000) takes note of that by and large, individuals a to ponder work to the detriment of those individuals with passionate issues, or thinking sanely and in dispassionate financial terms concern the cooperation between the individuals and the association. In an investigation led by Westen, Burton Kowalski (2006), it is noticed that however not a few people experience enthusiastic issues, everyone experience fluctuated feelings, indeed, different and various feelings in a solitary day. A few points of view have investigated how feelings impact dynamic (Brief Wiess, 2002). Basic Review This audit plans to evaluate the expected effect of discouragement and tension on how individuals settle on choices and associations that are basic to hierarchical conduct. Thusly, this audit is centered around contrasts in misery and tension experienced by numerous specialists, rather than enthusiastic disarranges. This audit begins by giving a blueprint of hypotheses about feelings and dispositions, explicitly trouble and uneasiness which influences the dynamic and decisions of people in an association. Further, the survey expects to look at the impact of pity and uneasiness on relational cooperation, relational recognition, and dynamic. Applicable Theories Various mental speculations set that when people feel on edge or trouble, it debilitates their judgment, dynamic, and assessment with respect to influence harmonious heading (Bower, 1991). In such manner, the choices caused will to be identified with the general valence of a person's state of mind (Clore Gasper, 2000). Proof has indicated that when individuals are dismal, they will in general settle on terrible or negative choices. For example, if an organization offers a prize, a person who is pitiful can see it in a contrary way instead of a glad individual (Forgas George, 2001). The influence harmonious variables that are utilized to assess how an outcome is esteemed may impact workers choices to seek after remunerations in an association (Vroom, 1964). The influence congruency point of view has an innate confinement since it viably makes a supposition that each feeling of comparative valence, for instance, pity and uneasiness prompts same result (Raghunathan Pham, 1999). Studies done by Learner, Small Loewenstein (2004) have discredited this attestation by uncovering that nauseate and misery have differed sway on an individual in regards to choices made for monetary reasons. Gino, Brooks Schweitzer (2012) contended that outrage and nervousness effectsly affect how individuals gain and utilization of guidance to educate their choices. Consequently, if influence congruity indicated a general impact, as set by Mayer, Gaschke, Braverman Evans (1992), at that point every terrible mind-set should prompt comparable results. There are different hypotheses that clarify the how dynamic is impacted by misery and nervousness. The Different Affect Different Effect model, sets that that bitterness and nervousness lead to different perspectives, that winds up in various results in a comparable circumstance most definitely (Ragunathan Corfman, 2004). The DADE contends that when people feel on edge, they persuade inspiration to be quick to the encompassing and keep away from famous dangers and dangers (Maner et al., 2007; Raghunathan Corfman, 2004). As indicated by Eysenck, Payne, Santos (2006), there is have to stress over a danger or something that is going to turn out badly some place. Tragically, when individuals feel miserable, it implies that something terrible has just occurred (Essence et al., 2006). Subsequently, in light of DADE, individuals are roused to be upbeat again and endeavor to look for delight and results as opposed to focusing on dangers and dangers. While influence congruity keeps up that trouble and nervousness firmly influence the result of a specific choice, the DADE model sets that uneasiness and pity influence the result in various measures and heading. A few scholars have that tension influences a people data preparing limit since they regularly center quite a bit of their consideration around antagonism thus winding up with insufficient subjective assets (Darke, 1988; Eysenck, 1992). Proof recommends that pity and uneasiness may meddle with a people capacity important decisions (Mui, Heilman, Houser, 2008). Late investigations have recommended that when people experience tension, they get the inspiration to check the impediments set on their subjective assets (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos Calvo, 2007). An issue that emerges out of this contention is that the extra exertion intended to defeat these intellectual impediments is all the more regularly sketchy. This is so specific in conditions where the errand is intellectually requesting, for example, a mind boggling dynamic. A few researchers have contended against the idea that uneasiness hinders dynamic and data preparing by setting that misery should add to upgraded dynamic and data handling (Bless, 2001). There are additionally researchers who bolster the contentions of the DADE model by contending that misery signs to think profoundly at whatever point there is something occurring or going to happen an in order to fix it (Lerner et al., 2004). Darke (1988) contends that while bitterness restricts a people data handling, (Bless, 2001) pity doesn't. Forgas (2002) opines that pity spurs exhaustive, profound, and explanatory data handling. Effect of Anxiety on Interpersonal Perception Collaboration among individuals in an association is urgent. Also, productive correspondence and judicious relational dynamic advance smooth running of an association (Ivancevich, Konopaske Matteson, 2011). It gets the job done to call attention to that there are a few different ways trouble and nervousness deliberately influence relational communications, choices, and discernment in an authoritative settings. Individuals have been found to take part in negative assessment of their associates, and this is steady with the contentions of effect congruity (Forgas, 1990). Despite what might be expected, a few discoveries have indicated stamped irregularity. In an examination done by Lambert, Khan, Lickel Fricke (1997) pitiful individuals demonstrated a positive assessment of their partners at work. Dismal individuals are accepted to concentrate more on negative musings and thus impact the choices that they make (Forgas, 1995). Besides, in conditions where individuals build up an exact impression of others, the profound thought by tragic people may prompt a less precise assessment on a subsequent theory (Ambady Gray, 2002). Nervousness prompts wrong choices and one-sided decisions as one may depend vigorously on generalizations (Curtis Locke, 2005, 2007). The impact of pity and nervousness on relational observation has broad results on work-execution and dynamic. Choices made by the human asset the board might be impacted by trouble and nervousness (McCarthy Goffin, 2004; Nguyen Ryan, 2008). The disposition and reasonable judgment of partners by their capacities and ineptitudes might be one-sided (Forgas Bower, 1987). Gets the job done to make reference to is the way that ceaseless misery and tension that prompts relentless negative or stereotypic assessments and desires prompts pessimism in an association (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Effect of Sadness and Anxiety on Negotiation Ivancevich et al. (2011) call attention to that bartering and exchange are critical in each association for better outcomes. Arrangement is a sort of dynamic that involves legitimate arranging and planning; all which are vital for achieving ideal shared outcome in an association (Ivancevich et al., 2011). A few sorts of exploration have inspected the effect that tragic and restless individuals have on arrangement and the outcomes. It is crucial to call attention to that these investigations have collectively concurred that both misery and nervousness influence arrangement adversely. Studies on pity have uncovered that it lessens collaboration and consequently, raises the degree of rivalry during dealings (Forgas, 1998). Forgas (2002) that trouble prompts negativity henceforth the challenges in dealings. In such manner, negative individuals of do not have oneself drive to make explicit arrangement plans and regularly show elevated standards in an exchange procedure (Forgas, 1998). Tension additionally influences exchange procedure and execution (Brooks Schweitzer, 2011). Nervousness is accepted to improve people groups wants to acknowledge bargains that are offered to them while miserable individuals are related with decreased arrangement making. As per Brooks Schweitzer (2011), tension impacts a people first offers since will in general give a lower starting proposal during dealings. Studies have demonstrated inspiration that underlies poor arrangement execution is comprehended with regards to the outside condition and the person. As indicated by Forgas (1998), the impact of bitterness on exchange is absolutely determined by cynicism because of negative thoughts. Then again, nervousness impacts arrangement through a decrease in fearlessness (Brooks Schweitzer, 2011). Impact of Sadness and Anxiety on Requests and Advice It is significant that solicitations and exhortation are basic in relational association in an association since they upgrade data obtaining for settling on educated choices (Gino et al. 2012). A few examinations have uncovered that misery and nervousness impact how people look for counsel and make demands in an association. How individuals outline their solicitations and look for counsel can impact others in the association as they decide if the activities are substantial (Yukl, Seifert Chavez, 2008). Solicitations oug

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Sin in the Scarlet Letter free essay sample

Pick one and form an article in light of the inquiries it raises. The exposition ought to be 3-5 pages long, ought to be cautiously edited, and ought to follow the rules characterized by MLA. Due Tuesday, September 27, 2011, toward the start of class. 1. Clarify how The Scarlet Letter might be perused as a â€Å"psychological novel. † You might need to concentrate on the mental idea of a couple of characters, or you might need to follow a specific part of brain research over various characters. You ought to acquaint yourself with probably some fundamental ideas of brain research (constraint, the oblivious, and so forth ) and the proper terms used to depict them. 2. Do you consider Hester to be a solid female character? Or then again, to place it in another way, is The Scarlet Letter a women's activist novel? You should give, first, your own meaning of the term â€Å"feminist† before you proceed onward to your contention about the point. We will compose a custom paper test on Sin in the Scarlet Letter or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What is the essentialness of nature in The Scarlet Letter? What are a portion of the manners by which Hawthorne use parts of nature or common settings in the novel, and what do you think about these portrayals? . What do you think about Hawthorne’s character Pearl? Despite the fact that she from the outset has all the earmarks of being an auxiliary character in the novel, Pearl considers essentially along with a large number of the novel’s key story occasions. How do Pearl’s activities speak to her unmistakable personality? What is Pearl’s centrality in the novel overall (and remember to consider what happens to Pearl at the finish of the account)? 5. The epic utilizes images. Examine the distinction between the Puritans’’ utilization of images (the meteor, for instance) and the way that the storyteller utilizes images. Do both have strict ramifications? Do images anticipate occasions or just remark on them sometime later? How would they help the characters comprehend their lives, and how would they help the peruser comprehend Hawthorne’s book? 6. Youngsters assume an assortment of jobs in this novel. Pearl is both a gift and a revile to Hester, and she appears now and again to fill in as Hester’s heart. The town kids, then again, are pitiless and mercilessly legitimate about their assessment of Hester and Pearl. For what reason are youngsters introduced as more insightful and more genuine than grown-ups? How do kids contrast from grown-ups in their potential for communicating these recognitions?

Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in NSW Free Essays

‘Evaluate the adequacy of the criminal equity framework in NSW’ The NSW criminal equity framework identifies with all regions related with the law and law requirement, including the individuals who are imprisoned, waiting on the post trial process, or associated with carrying out a criminal offense. In assessing the adequacy of the criminal equity framework in NSW there are three issues which can be thought of; choices to gaol, charge exchange and the job of the courts. We will compose a custom article test on Viability of the Criminal Justice System in NSW or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now These issues advance or downgrade the viability of the NSW criminal equity framework, particularly when assessed as far as fairness, availability, asset productivity, and the parity of rights for casualties, wrongdoers and society. These issues are additionally talked about broadly in the media, which presents an alternate point of view for a considerable lot of these issues, and gives the vital constrain required to start law change on these issues. One of the most significant issues in the NSW criminal equity framework is the accessibility of options in discipline, beside detainment. Aside from criminal encroachment sees, there are a lot progressively genuine options in contrast to a jail sentence, including home detainment. Home confinement, made under the Home Detention Act 1996 (NSW), is appropriate for specific guilty parties, who have carried out peaceful violations and have been condemned to under year and a half detainment. Home confinement is probably going to be questionable for increasingly genuine offenses, for example, murder or rape, as there is conceivable high danger of reoffending. Network administration orders are additionally accessible as a methods for disgracing and rebuffing guilty parties, while encouraging recovery by requiring a time of correcting their wrongs towards the network. Diversionary projects are utilized to redirect certain wrongdoers from reoffending, through recovery. More than 150 guilty parties a year complete The Drug Courts diversionary program. As indicated by the NSW Crime Bureau examination of the adequacy of the Drug court, they found that; 37% of hoodlums were less inclined to be reconvicted for any offense, 65% were more averse to be reconvicted for offenses against the individual and 57% were less inclined to be reconvicted for a medication offense. The utilization of these choices are compelling as far as the previously mentioned standards as it gives a feeling of uniformity between various citizenry pursued for similar wrongdoings, as they each have the ability to be given the equivalent diversionary program, as long as they fulfill the vital models. The diversionary projects are very asset productive as they commonly cost less every day than the $205 important for the normal jail prisoner. It additionally gives an equalization of rights to the people in question and the guilty parties, just as society as they are for the most part profiting by these projects. Charge arrangement, including request bartering, is the place charges are either dropped, or decreased in kind for an early liable supplication, as set out in the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999. There are numerous issues related with charge arrangement, as appeared through ‘True Plea on Justice’, a Daily Telegraph article distributed on October eleventh 2010, which subtleties the predicament of casualties of wrongdoing, who are not recounted the charge exchange occurring, until they go to the preliminary. Under new rules from the state government, examiners should now finish an authentication specifying the meeting with casualties and their families. This change of current rules shows the deficiencies while with respect to the equalization of rights for casualties, in spite of the fact that this issues is being redressed. Charge arrangement is additionally powerful when surveyed for asset productivity, as the expense of an occasionally long preliminary is maintained a strategic distance from. The job of the courts is basic to having a successful lawful framework. The job of the courts is to guarantee a reasonable preliminary follows. Balance inside the court framework is a significant idea, and is exemplified through the important unbiasedness of officers, judges and juries. By and by to guarantee value judges and officers will undoubtedly follow point of reference, or follow condemning rules as indicated by the Criminal Procedure Amendment (Sentencing Guidelines) Act 1998. Huge numbers of the wrongdoings arraigned are laid out in the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), which is open to all individuals from general society, under the standard of law. The courts endeavor to utilize assets proficiently by utilizing juries in all issues bar synopsis offenses, and by requiring ‘leave to look for appeal’ when speaking to the Supreme Court to guarantee that court assets are not tied up in unverified interests. The courts additionally give a parity to casualties, guilty parties and society, by giving important sentences the justice or judge feels is important to mirror the guidelines of society, guarantee a reasonable result for casualties and furthermore to not be over the top to wrongdoers. The criminal equity framework in NSW is successful as in it gives an equivalent, available and asset proficient framework in which equity is accomplished. It additionally gives a fair field to guilty parties to be attempted, and as such come to results that advantage the person in question and society overall. There have been late advancements to guarantee this parity stays, similar to the instance of casualties with respect to charge exchange, demonstrating the turn of events and therefore adequacy of the criminal equity framework in reflecting social orders convictions and qualities. The most effective method to refer to Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in NSW, Essay models

Friday, August 21, 2020

Information Security Threats in Australia

Question: Depict about the Information Security Threats in Australia. Answer: Infection A PC infection is a kind of program written in vindictive code, which spread starting with one host then onto the next host and regularly repeating itself. It works similarly as that of an influenza infection. The infection can't spread except if it is connected to a report or record, particularly in the event that it underpins macros, to execute its codes. During the time spent recreating the infection can regularly degenerate information or harm basic framework documents (Zhu, Yang and Ren 2012). The upsetting and wrecking things an infection can do are assuming control over the machine, spamming email contacts, ruining records, logging keystrokes, and taking information or passwords. To shield a framework and its records from contaminating with infections, an antivirus program, for example, Avast, Norton, AVG or Kaspersky can be utilized. On the other hand, Internet Security Suite can be utilized for those framework requiring the need to go on the web; Different Internet Security suites are Bitdefender Internet Security, Kaspersky Total Security and Avast Premier (Us.norton.com 2016). Another kind of infection rose in 2015 known as the Cryptolocker infection, which commandeered the whole PC or scrambled client's archives and framework records and requested cash to open them. Australians paid a large number of dollars to programmers living abroad to dispose of the Cryptolocker infection, which is likewise named as ransomware. In its present structure, the encryption set by the infection is unbreakable (ABC News 2015). Trojan As expressed by Abuzneid et al. (2015), a Trojan pony or Trojan is a kind of malware that can access a PC framework by camouflaging itself as authentic programming. As a rule, programmers and digital cheats attempt to pick up indirect access to the framework and take delicate information. Trojans frequently stunt the clients by some type of social building to stack into the client's framework and afterward execute malevolent codes. Trojans frequently upset the exhibition of PC systems and PCs. Trojans can duplicate, adjust, square or erase information. Trojans don't reproduce themselves, dissimilar to infections. There are different kinds of Trojans including Trojan-SMS, Trojan-Ransom, Trojan-IM, Trojan-GameThief, Trojan-FakeAV, Trojan-Dropper, and Trojan-DDoS among others (Usa.kaspersky.com 2016). In February of 2016, a Trojan infection played ruin with the correspondences systems of the Australian Parliaments assembling and made it inconceivable for certain tasks to be done. Not long after the issues started, web and telephone systems were closed down. The MPs of the Parliament were sent a notification that telephones and PCs were confined as a prudent step after the Trojan infection hit the Parliament's Information Technology. The occurrence was alluded to as first of its sort in late history (ABC News 2016). Vindictive Application Vindictive applications or basically malware is a product which hurts the data framework systems and PC framework. They can be as adware, rootkits, spyware, Trojans, infections or worms. A typical use of malware is to include programming not endorsed by the client, erase reports and take ensured information. Spyware screens web traffic and track clients area, or catch basic data like quantities of credit and platinum cards (Niemela and Palomaki 2013). Adware triggers different undesirable pop-ups over the sites the client visit, by securing client data from the informal community and different sites. Other than utilizing antivirus and web security suites, malware should be introduced which will sweep and evacuate the framework for any diseases found. Equipment firewall found in switches and programming firewall give extra security to the client in obstructing these diseases (NewsComAu 2016). In March of 2016, another malware has been discharged which targets banking applications of significant banks of Australia. This product has been social built to sidestep two-factor validation and take charge card numbers and client certifications from tainted Android gadgets. The malware made a phony page inside the application which seems to be like the genuine financial page. After clients input their subtleties, the information is then captured. National Australia Bank, ANZ, Westpac, and Commonwealth Bank clients are helpless against the new malware. The malware disease is anything but difficult to spread on Android attributable to the open idea of the Android framework (Turner 2016). Worms As indicated by Aziz (2013), a PC worm is a PC program which can self-duplicate which spreads malevolent codes inside a working framework. A worm transmits its duplicate to different gadgets over the system, making fake throttling of the transfer speed and erasing client records and send delicate information over the web. It additionally opens up the chance of introducing indirect accesses in the framework. The manner in which a PC worm is not quite the same as a PC infection is that a worm can self-imitate and transmit itself over the system, locks onto a record and adventure vulnerabilities naturally without the mediation of the programmer, which makes it significantly more hazardous than an infection. The normal methods of transmission are visiting contaminated sites and record sharing systems. To forestall passage of worms, all product introduced should be refreshed and fixed, and firewall should be introduced for extra security (Mishra and Pandey 2014). The primary worm is accepted to have been customized by programmers situated in Melbourne. Phoenix and Electron are believed to be the two names of the programmers according to government police reports. It was called WANK, customized in DIGITAL Command Language and assaulted DEC VMS over DECnet in 1989. The influenced DECnet arrange was worked mutually by the Department of Energys High Energy Physics Network (HEPnet) and NASA Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) (Applegate 2015). Keylogger A keylogger, regularly named as a keystroke lumberjack screen, is a little application or an equipment gadget, screens a framework for keystroke contribution from the console as the client types. A keylogger equipment gadget is a little battery-worked plug which as a connector and is introduced on the framework and the client's console (Wang 2014). It is generally unrecognizable from the outset sight since it would seem that an ordinary console plug, which acts a disguising instrument. The logged keystrokes are then spared in a book record and put away in memory of the gadget, which must be genuinely unplugged to get to the data. On the off chance that it is a product, the keylogger records every keystroke as the client types, and transfer the information over the Internet (Tuli and Sahu 2013). An assault named as Megacart, adds Javascript to web based business locales and numerous Australian stores have been influenced along these lines. The web based business locales that have been focused on depend on OpenCart, Powerfront CMS, and Magento Commerce. This assault gathers delicate client information as they physically contribution to installment structures, and the information that are gathered incorporates cardholder name, card expiry date, charge card number and CVC number (BIT 2016). References ABC News. (2015). Australians compelled to pay as ransomware infection Cryptolocker seems to be 'unbreakable', master says. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-09/australians-paying-thousands-after-ransomware-infection contamination/6683618 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. ABC News. (2016). Digital security penetrate hits WA Parliament interchanges. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-17/digital security-breachwa-parliament-takes out-correspondences/7176570 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Abuzneid, A.A., Gudipati, V.K., Kumar, V., Vetwal, A. furthermore, Adeniyi, A., 2015. Location of Trojan pony by Analysis of System Behavior and Data Packets. Applegate, S., 2015. Digital Conflict: Disruption and Exploitation in the Digital Age. InCurrent and Emerging Trends in Cyber Operations(pp. 19-36). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Aziz, A., Fireeye, Inc., 2013.Systems and techniques for PC worm guard. U.S. Patent 8,516,593. BIT. (2016). Australian online stores got by keylogger assaults. [online] Available at: https://www.bit.com.au/News/438988,australian-online-stores-got by-keylogger-attacks.aspx [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Mishra, B.K. what's more, Pandey, S.K., 2014. Dynamic model of worm engendering in PC network.Applied Mathematical Modelling,38(7), pp.2173-2179. NewsComAu. (2016). Malware assaults Aussie portable financial clients. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/innovation/on the web/security/modern malware-distinguished that-takes web based banking-passwords-upsets content validation/report/afa5cf65dfcd350acc069aaf41545e39 [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Niemel, J. what's more, Palomki, P., F-Secure Oyj, 2013.Malware recognition by application checking. U.S. Patent 8,590,045. Tuli, P. what's more, Sahu, P., 2013. Framework Monitoring and Security Using Keylogger.International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,2(3), pp.106-111. Turner, A. (2016). Malware commandeers enormous four Australian banks' applications, takes two-factor SMS codes. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Accessible at: https://www.smh.com.au/innovation/customer security/malware-captures large four-australian-banks-applications takes twofactor-sms-codes-20160309-gnf528.html [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Us.norton.com. (2016). What Is A Computer Virus?. [online] Available at: https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-PC virus.html [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Usa.kaspersky.com. (2016). What is a Trojan Virus | Malware Protection | Kaspersky Lab US. [online] Available at: https://usa.kaspersky.com/web security-focus/dangers/trojans#.V_m6COB96Hs [Accessed 9 Oct. 2016]. Wang, C.P., 2014.Anti-keylogger PC organize framework. U.S. Patent 8,726,013. Zhu, Q., Yang, X. also, Ren, J., 2012. Displaying and examination of the spread of PC virus.Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,17(12), pp.5117-5124.

Saturday, August 8, 2020

2011 Application Process Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2011 Application Process Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I wanted to take a moment to provide some insight to those that plan on applying for a future semester.   While it is possible to log in to our application at the current time to create an account, it is not yet possible to apply for the spring 2011 or fall 2011 semesters.   Our goal is to have the application live and running by August 15th.   I will keep you updated on our progress on this blog. At this point we recommend that you wait to log in to create an account as we will be making some changes to the application in July and August.   It is fine if you have already created an account, however after the new application goes up you will want to make sure to start at the beginning of the application and review any information you filled in as some of the required fields might change. The deadline for spring 2011 admission will be October 1st and the deadline for fall 2011 admission will be January 5th. We will be taking the application down for a few weeks to implement the technical changes for the coming year.   This will likely occur during the first two weeks of August so we can test the system.   Our changes should not stop you from starting to work on your application materials.   Many of things we ask for will remain constant.   For example: We will still require transcripts from all schools attended since graduating from high school.   Thus you can start accumulating copies of your transcripts for submission.   We do allow applicants to scan copies and upload them to our application site.   This is the recommended method. We will still require two résumés.   A full description of this requirement can be found by clicking here. We will still require either the GRE or the GMAT, and for those that speak English as a second language, the TOEFL or IELTS. We will still require three recommendations.   These should be academic or professional, in other words, individuals that have supervised you in the classroom or in the work place. We will most likely be making some changes to the personal statement so that is something at this point in time that is not decided.   The Admissions Committee hopes to have the final questions/statements ready by the end of July and I will post them to this site as soon as they are finalized.

Tuesday, June 23, 2020

Whats The #1 Source To Find Money For College

HomeUncategorizedWhats The #1 Source To Find Money For College?This page may contain affiliate links.Oct 12, 2019 We Need Your Help.. Volunteer to get a free Custom College Money Report, listing colleges awarding your student the most money. See more details below. We hear this from parents all the time. How can I afford college? My expected family contribution (EFC) is unrealistic What schools will give us aid? We know the feelings. We have high school and college kids and weve gone through the process too. We know its overwhelming and confusing. We know high schools dont really help families with the financial side of getting into college. And we know students can only finance a small percentage of college, so the rest falls on the shoulders of parents. We also know that the #1 source for finding money for college is to find a college that will award your student the most money.  Private scholarships wont make a dent in the tuition bill. Only 11% of FREE money (money that doesnt need to be paid back) comes from private scholarships. Compare that to 44% of FREE money that comes from colleges themselves. So, how do you find colleges that are likely to award your student money? Well show you how during our Facebook Live session on December 11th at 8:30pm (EST). Want to be the sample case we use to demonstrate how to find colleges awarding money? Fill out this form  to volunteer. Well keep your identity confidential and youll get your own  Custom College Money Report. Road2College Debbie Schwartz is former financial services executive and founder of Road2College and the Paying For College 101 Facebook group. She's dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. With data, tools and access to experts she's helping families become educated consumers of higher ed. View all posts CATEGORIES Uncategorized TAGS Expected Family ContributionFinancial AidMerit ScholarshipPrivate ScholarshipsNEWER POSTThink Your Student Is A National Merit Scholar?OLDER POSTCan You Pay For College Without Student Loans?

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Marketing Strategies For A Marketing Budget - 1139 Words

Alternate Titles 1. 10 Marketing Strategies to Include in Your 2017 Budget 2. Planning Your 2017 Marketing Budget: Strategies to Consider The budgeting process can be stressful, especially for B2B marketers. With so many options available, it can be difficult to decide how to allocate funds appropriately. Sometimes, marketers become overwhelmed and just base the new budget on the previous year s budget. However, in this rapidly changing world, historical data can be misleading, so it is important to take the time to evaluate the type of return you received from the different strategies that you deployed in the past as well as evaluate new technologies and strategies. Here are 10 strategies that you should consider before you finalize†¦show more content†¦The visitor leaves without initiating the download. You can then create a strategic display ad that will appear on sites that the visitor goes to afterwards that are within Google s network. Targeted display ads like this encourage people to visit your site again and execute an action that they did not perform earlier. It is also a great way to keep your name in front of them; visitors may return to your website numerous times before submitting a contact form or requesting a quote. 4. Marketing automation can provide outstanding results when used correctly. You can break down silos and have your email marketing, lead scoring, content management, SEO, analytics and CRM in one place to capture, nurture and close leads with less time and effort. If you lack the budget or confidence to go with an all-in-one solution such as HubSpot, look at ways to start small. For example, there are several affordable services for automating your email campaigns. 5. Speaking of email campaigns, email marketing is not going away anytime soon. In fact, B2B companies that ask visitors to register before they can gain access to downloads or special content are building substantial email lists. Newsletters, special offers and updates are easily shared at an economical cost. However, if you want your email campaigns to be effective, you need to learn how to craft emails that are extremely engaging. 6.Show MoreRelatedOnline Marketing Strategy For One s Marketing And Corporation Budget1266 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Online marketing has grown into one of the most popular marketing channels in the world today. Many organizations, from the smallest SMEs to the largest sized firms have implemented or are in the process of implementing online marketing strategies. However, there is still a large number of organizations that despite the recent trends, have not adapted or fully embraced the online marketing trend. The purpose of this study is to investigate the various trends in the implementation of onlineRead MoreProduct Line Of Microwavable Meals1136 Words   |  5 Pagesprototypes of the new brand extensions. The company’s goal is to produce snacks, juices, and health bars. Therefore, extending the brand is crucial to the company’s success. In the third year, the company will launch its brand extensions. Increased marketing and advertising will be given to these products to increase sales. Based on the success of the brand extensions, the company will have the funding to expand into the global market. During the fourth year, Wholesome Food plans to expand into theRead MoreAn Effective Marketing Plan For A New Product1037 Words   |  5 PagesAn effective marketing plan is one of the most important steps in introducing a new product or service. It is an essential tool in preparing executives, employees, and partners of the company in understanding the strategy to entering the market place with success. Having a solid marketing plan will not only ensure that the company is sticking to the schedule, but that the marketing resources are being disbursed wisely and appropriately (U.S. Small Business Administration). Some of the main objectivesRead MoreEssay on Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan1086 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan Sweethelda MK 715- Marketing Management Brenau University Instructor: Dr. North June 10, 2014 Executive Summary This marketing plan was created for Nestle Crunch to position itself in the next year to deliver at least $13 million in profit without increasing the budget by over $2 million. An analysis of the chocolate confectionery market will be analyzed to develop marketing strategies to implement to satisfy these objectives. situation analyses Market SizeRead MoreMarketing Promotion Is On Spending Money1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe marketing promotion is about spending money. We need to send promotions at regular intervals, through specific campaigns and need to know the spread of the budget accordingly. The marketing budget will have details that are specific to each channel, competitions, retail discounts and corporate discounts. The overall budget will have contingency to increase advertisement to counter any competition or if completion matches, then increase the frequency of the promotions. Chennai Dining budget isRead MoreMkt1 Task Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Plan Worksheet This worksheet is a complement to the study guide for both the MKT1. The purpose of this worksheet is to help you think about and apply important marketing concepts to Company G. By working through the exercises and matrices introduced in this worksheet (Section A, Section B, and Section C), you are laying the foundation for your marketing plan required in this assessment. This worksheet should be completed before you write your Marketing Plan, for which a template isRead MoreSocial Media As The X Factor Of Your Marketing Plan1084 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media as the X factor of your marketing plan People are more connected than ever before using Social Media. Yet, many companies insist on dealing with Social Media as an extra activity and not as integrating a vital component into the Marketing Plan. In today’s challenging business environment, many companies even fail to recognize that although a business plan talks about where to go, and a marketing plan about how to get there, is a Social Media plan what effectively guides how to connectRead MoreFuture Marketing Concept1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthe changing world marketing is becoming more challenging and marketers are striving to find out new ways to keep pace with the more demanding markets. Future marketing will lead by the big ideas and innovations. Consumer will become knowledgeable about the products and their rights. It will change the consumer behavior and their patterns of consumption. Thousands of researches are conducting by marketing researchers to predict future market and develop the new ways of market ing. In this assignmentRead MoreMarketing Plan Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Develop a Marketing Plan that Will Add Value to Your Business Studies show that companies with a marketing plan in place are more likely to be successful in their marketing efforts. One study showed that businesses that plan grow 30% faster. According to another study, 71% of fast-growing companies have plans. Those companies create budgets, set sales goals, and document marketing sales strategies. A solid marketing plan will help you generate leads, build awareness with your target audienceRead MoreContent Marketing : Marketing And Budgets759 Words   |  4 Pagesset to increase their content marketing budgets. The content marketing software market is further expected to grow to over $32.3 billion by 2018. Nonetheless, content marketing campaigns can fail because of your budget. There are two options when it comes to content marketing and budgets: †¢ You are spending too little on your content marketing. †¢ You are spending too much on your content marketing. The first option generally happens when people expect content marketing to be a miracle cure for all

Monday, May 18, 2020

Brevity in Speech and Writing

Brevity is shortness in duration and/or conciseness of expression in a  speech  or a  written text. Contrast with verbosity. Brevity is generally considered a stylistic virtue as long as its not achieved at the expense of clarity. Examples and Observations If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeams--the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.(Robert Southey)Brevity is a great charm of eloquence.(Cicero)How brief? Well, as brief as possible but not so brief that the message doesnt get across. But messages vary so. Beat it! is short enough but very long when you reckon in the attitude that comes with it. . . . Brevity, then, depends on the message. . .Brevity, in most human communication, remains a variable governed by social relationships as much as by factual baggage. One is brief in all kinds of ways, and Poloniuss objection, This is too long, always means Too long for this person, place, and time.(Richard Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003)[S]ince brevity is the soul of wit,And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,I will be brief . . ..(Polonius in William Shakespeares Hamlet, Act 2, scene 2)There are no hard and fast rules in writing for the ear, but after more than fifty ye ars of working at it, I believe in some rough guidelines.Two of them are: short is usually better than long and dont waste words. The bank robber Willie Sutton got it right when he was asked why he robbed banks. Thats where the money is, he replied. Have you ever heard three words that convey a message better than stick em up, or Ive had it! or Im outta here? Have you ever heard anyone express himself better, faster, or more to the point than the judge who had the following exchange in his courtroom: As God is my judge, the defendant said, I am not guilty. To which the magistrate answered, Hes not! I am! You are!Now thats good writing. No unnecessary adverbs or adjectives, just telling it like it is. Dont be afraid to write the way people talk.(Don Hewitt, Tell Me a Story: Fifty Years and 60 Minutes in Television, PublicAffairs, 2001) Brevity in Presentations Edit ruthlessly. Brevity, always a virtue, is doubly so when youre trying to avoid watering down your impact. Matt Eventoff, principal of Princeton Public Speaking, in Princeton, N.J., says: This is stuff we’ve all known instinctively--anyone who’s sat in a corporate meeting over the past 20 years, with slide after slide after slide of information. It can be very powerful information, but it’s overwhelming--you don’t know what it’s saying. Are we in good shape or in bad shape? You can’t tell. When all the points of your presentation don’t back up your streamlined theme, you really risk losing people and also potentially turning them off. (Christopher Bonanos, Quit While Youre Ahead. Bloomberg Businessweek, Dec. 3-Dec. 9, 2012) Brevity and Conciseness Brevity is often used indifferently with conciseness; but when any difference is implied, then properly speaking, brevity refers to the matter, conciseness to the style. In fact, when brevity of style is spoken of, it may be considered synonymous with conciseness. Strictly speaking, however, brevity merely implies the use of few words, while conciseness implies a great deal of matter concentrated in a small space. (Elizabeth Jane Whately, A Selection of English Synonyms, 1852) Brevity and Clarity It must be recognized that it is very difficult for those giving attention to brevity also to give due care to clarity; for often we either make the language unclear for the sake of clarity or for claritys sake we have to speak at length. It is necessary, then, to be on the lookout whether the brevity is proportional, neither leaving out anything necessary nor including more than is needed. (Nicolaus the Sophist, quoted by George A. Kennedy in Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Society of Biblical Literature, 2003) Safires Contrarian View of Brevity Every book on writing you can find these days says essentially the same thing: keep it short. Take it a bite at a time. Dispense with the adjectival frills. Put the punch in the verb and not the adverb (he added weakly). Edit, edit, edit, and avoid repetition. Less is more, spare is fair. . . Maybe we are going overboard. The burst of the business memo, the snap-and-spit of the television news bite, the mincing sentences of post-Hemingway novelists--all have led to the canonization of brevity.. Introduce it, lay it out, sum it up. The dash is dead. It is not for nothing, as the Communists say, that the hottest word in communication is briefing. (William Safire, Introduction: Watch My Style. Language Maven Strikes Again. Doubleday, 1990) The Lighter Side of Brevity People whose vision is perfect in every other respect suffer from a curious astigmatism which prevents them from recognizing a stopping point when they come to it. We suggest to some ingenious inventor that he devise a combination of time clock and trip hammer by which a dull, blunt instrument shall be liberated at the end of five minutes so that it may fall with great force, killing the after dinner speaker and amusing the spectators. (Heywood Broun, We Have With Us This Evening. Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)[Calvin Coolidges] most celebrated trait was his taciturnity. An oft-told story, which has never been verified, is that a woman sitting next to him at dinner gushed, Mr. President, my friend bet me that I wouldnt be able to get you to say three words tonight. You lose, the president supposedly responded.(Bill Bryson, One Summer: America, 1927. Doubleday, 2013) EtymologyFrom the Latin, short

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Music Of The 20th Century - 1168 Words

Have you ever partaken in piano or keyboard classes as a child, then this music piece should be nothing new for you. It is one of the most famous but at the same time the most mysterious classical masterpieces of the 18th century. It is â€Å"Fur Elise†; a classical music piece composed by German composer Ludwig van Beethoven. This piece of music was actually published in 1867, 40 years after Beethoven passed away in the year of 1827. When Ludwig Nohl (a german music scholar) published his piece, he uncovered the original manuscript for â€Å"Fur Elise† which was dated April 27th, 1810 (Fuld,241). This means the music piece was actually published 57 years after Beethoven first composed it. Not only has this music piece been used to teach keyboard all around the world but a famous American rapper by the name of Nas also used samples of this piece in his hit single â€Å"I Can†, and Gus Van Sant also used bits and pieces of this composition in his â€Å"Elephantâ €  movie back in 2003. The main reason I chose this music piece is that even though I haven’t played a keyboard for over 2 to 3 years, the one piece of music that I will never forget how to play is â€Å"Fur Elise†, it s the first thing you learn but the most memorable. The connection that I have with this piece is based on solely on the way it sounds, but would knowing the history, and all of its musical features/techniques change the way I react. Will it add value to my musical experience, or will everything just stay the same? That isShow MoreRelatedMusic Is The Greatest Singer Of The 20th Century1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe culture of music is one of the most ever evolving outlets society has, people from all around the world can find common ground between simple beats and rythyms. Music genres are built off of one another to develop new and unique genres, ranging from classical blues to heavy metal bands. In between the years 1960 and 2010 America has had over 13 diverse genres rule ov er musics Hot 100. Numerous talented artists have advanced music to what the world knows it as today. Frank Sinatra is one ofRead More20th Century and Atonal Music Essay examples862 Words   |  4 PagesHumi 16 Professor: Leslie Berry Midterm Bella Lee 1. Between 1900 and 1925, traditional norms were violated or abandoned in art, music, and literature. What factors might have brought about this situation? Offer specific examples to illustrate your general statements (think of Picasso, Matisse, Brancusi, and Mondrian). Pablo Picasso, who was born in Malaga, Spain, changed and created new style of painting while moving from a place to another. He went throng his blue period, in which he usedRead MoreEssay on American Music at the Turn of the 20th Century2103 Words   |  9 PagesTo understand whether an ‘American’ music emerged out of traditions in the turn of the 20th century, we need to focus on the term ‘American’ and what musical genres fall under that category. For one, America, in a cultural sense, is seen as one huge ‘melting pot’, an amalgamation of cultures, ethnic traditions, beliefs and styles of music. It is very difficult to label one genre under the category of American music, as a vast amount of styles, in historical terms, have come about from a mixture ofRead MoreMusic And Painting From 20th Century Western Music History1118 Words   |  5 PagesYaojun Song Mus114 Sam Music and Painting During the study of 20th-century Western music history in this class, I found out there are may same movements of art and music. I took 20th century Art history as well so there is always the comparison of them in my mind. Music and art appear to be two different art forms. Music is both auditory art, but also an art of time and movement. Music express musicians’ feelings through sound, it will create images in the mind of the viewer for them to haveRead MoreEssay about Popular Music of the 20th and 21st Century1118 Words   |  5 PagesPopular Music of the 20th and 21st Century The 20th and the 21st century have brought about some great music. It is better known as popular music and appeals to a much larger variety of people. Some of the styles of music we have enjoyed are the â€Å"Classic† American Music, Early Rock ‘N’ Roll, Pop, Heavy Metal, dance-pop, and rap. Some of the great composers of the â€Å"classic† American music are Cole Porter, Irving Berlin, and Richard Rodgers. Cole Porter was a major songwriter for the Broadway MusicalRead MoreEssay about Music and Its Influence on 20th Century American History1270 Words   |  6 PagesMusic and its Influence on 20th Century American History With the start of the 20th century music began to play a huge part in the rapidly maturing United States. Music of the 20th century was not only there to entertain the people but it was more. It was now used to influence and manipulate the listeners. Artists had a goal to entertain and to enlighten the listener so that they could get their messages heard. Music is one of the best ways to advertise and to expand ideas, and many artists knewRead MoreAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2642 Words   |  11 Pages    Contextual studies (MU314) Convenor: Tim Howle Essay 1 Denis Smalley has suggested that the two most important musical developments in the 20th Century are the domains of the electro-acoustic and the vernacular. To what extent is his assumption correct? This piece will demonstrate an understanding of the developments in 20th century music, with a detailed view on the path and expansion of electro-acoustic technology and of the vernacular. This will also be highlighting the theoreticalRead MoreMalay Music in Malaysia - a Brief Study of the Changes of the 20th Century2310 Words   |  10 PagesMalay Music in Malaysia: A Brief Study of the Changes in the 20th Century Malays – Tradition, Conflict and Change Done By: Melanie Ng Rachel Chew Word Count: 2094 words Introduction The 20th century saw Malaysia undergoing numerous political, social and economical changes, all of which were reflected in the cultural changes that also took place during this time. In particular, Malay music in Malaysia, due to a myriad of factors and influences, experienced significantRead MoreAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2634 Words   |  11 Pages      Contextual studies (MU314) Convenor: Tim Howle Essay 1 Denis Smalley has suggested that the two most important musical developments in the 20th Century are the domains of the electro-acoustic and the vernacular. To what extent is his assumption correct? This piece will demonstrate an understanding of the developments in 20th century music, with a detailed view on the path and expansion of electro-acoustic technology and of the vernacular. This will also be highlighting the theoreticalRead MoreMy Point Of View 20th Century1110 Words   |  5 Pagesmy point of view 20th century period is the best and the worst time to represent the western culture. But it’s the best for the most part. Western culture refers to the culture of any country that is a part of the western world. The western country is always democratic has neo-liberal capitalist economy. Has a separation of church and state, and high livings standards with materialistic society? The USA, UK, France are examples of western countries. Western culture is also a music type and lifestyle

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Importance Of A 3d Supportive Structure - 3116 Words

As mentioned before, in tissue regeneration is of crucial importance the use of a 3D supportive structure because when cells are seeded into these scaffolds enables the proliferation of cells and chondrogenic differentiation; and with it the three-dimensional tissue formation. Scaffolds must be able to withstand physiological loading until sufficient tissue regeneration occurs. Moreover, the material must be sufficiently porous to allow for effective transport of nutrients. Finally, it should be biocompatible and, if biodegradable, degrade as the tissue matrix is produced leaving only nontoxic degradation products. When using biomaterial scaffolds in tissue-engineered constructs the 3D environment of the extracellular matrix is being†¦show more content†¦General scaffold requirements are shown in table 4: Scaffold Requirements: Biological and material basis: Biocompatibility To prevent adverse inflammatory or immune responses. Cell attachment To optimize cell seeding for delivery and retention of cells and promote maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype. Porous 3D environment Support cell migration, proliferation and ECM production. High surface area to volume ratio. Interconnected/permeable Maximize nutrient/waste exchange and limit oxygen gradients. Biodegradation Preferably in harmony with desired repair or regeneration process, whereby, by-products are metabolized or excreted from the body without eliciting an inflammatory response. Bioactivity/gene delivery Act as a cell carrier or control the release of growth factors, transfection vectors and/or genetically modified cells. Mechanical integrity and integration Sufficient to support or match surrounding native tissue at site of implantation, as well as mediate mechanical stimulus to cells during loading. Structural anisotropy Promote native anisotropic tissue structure. Size and Shape Reproducibly create scaffold of clinically relevant size and shape. Surgical application Preferably allow minimally invasive techniques using injectable/flexible scaffold

Class Free Essays

In Maya Angelou’s excerpt, â€Å"What’s So Funny? † she pointed out that vulgarity and crudeness happens to be the direction in which comedians, entertainers, and people take their jokes. She explains that behind the obscene profanities, are people who are just as vulgar as their jokes. By us laughing with them, we are not only stooping down to their level, we are also taking part in the humiliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with Maya Angelou’s point. For example, laughing when someone makes a joke towards someone else who suffers from obesity not only humiliates that person, but makes them feel disgusted with themselves. The person laughing is applauding the comedian. What’s the humor in that? There’s a difference between being funny and being disrespectful. A lot of us tend to be confused as to where to draw the line. While others simply like to cross it. It’s almost like a form of bullying, but not a lot of us see it like that. Ms. Angelou believes that there are other ways to make jokes and start conversation without having to stoop low and belittle someone. Our generation has grown to become more shallow and vain through the years. When entertainers, comedians, and people use vulgarity and crudeness to express their thoughts and use it in their jokes to make an audience laugh, it paves a path for the audience to chime in and think that it is okay to behave that way. Perhaps the person making the joke is hiding behind the shallowness in order to prevent exposing their own insecurities? Maybe they’re using obscenities and humiliation as a self-defense mechanism. I never even thought about the bigger picture until now. Ms. Angelou is right. Nothing should stop us from saying â€Å"that’s wrong. † We don’t have to laugh at someone else’s mean joke just because it’s meant to be funny. Maybe the cold shoulder to a rude joke would be the bigger reaction. Either way one as an individual needs to realize when someone has crossed the line. I feel that Maya Angelou’s â€Å"What’s so funny? † has definitely opened up my eyes and made look at things from different perspective because I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t one of those audience members. How to cite Class, Essay examples

Fahrenheit 451 (936 words) Essay Example For Students

Fahrenheit 451 (936 words) Essay Fahrenheit 451Light, especially fire, and darkness are significantly reoccurring themes inFahrenheit 451. Guy Montag, the main character, is a fireman, but in thisfuturistic world the job description of a fireman is to start fires whereverbooks are found; instead of putting them out. Montag takes a journey from aliterary darkness to a knowledgeable light. This journey can be compared to theshort story Allegory of the Cave by Plato, in which a prisoner experiences asimilar journey. An example of light, in reference to knowledge, occurs justafter Montag meets Clarisse for the first time. When they reached herhouse all its lights were blazing (9). Since Montag had rarely seen thatmany house lights on, I interpreted those lines as saying that house isfull of knowledge and enlightenment; not like the rest of the houses around herewhich are always dark. Clarisse went on to explain to Montag that hermother, father, and uncle were just sitting around and talking. This was alsosomething that wasnt very commonplace in the city. Fire is an important elementof symbolism in Fahrenheit 451. Fire consumes minds, spirits, men, ideas, andbooks. Fire plays two very different roles in this book. The role of adestructive, devouring, and life ending force, and the role of a nourishingflame. The first role that fire plays in Fahrenheit 451 is apparent from thevery beginning of Bradburys novel. IT WAS A PLEASURE TO BURN. It was apleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed (3). Inthese first two sentences, Bradbury creates a sense of curiosity and ironybecause in the story, change is something controlled and unwanted by thegovernment and society, so it is very unlikely that anything in Guy Montagssociety could be changed. The burning described at this point represents theconstructive energy that later leads to catastrophe. A clear picture of firemenis first seen when the narrator says, With his symbolic helmet numbered451 on his stolid head, and his eyes all oran ge flame with the thought of whatcame next, he flicked the igniter and the house jumped up in a gorging fire thatburned the evening sky red and yellow and black (3). Fahrenheit 451 is thetemperature at which books burn and is symbolically written on the firemenshelmets, tanks, and in the firestation. During a moment of revelation Montagcomes upon an interesting idea about fire and the burning of books that takesplace. He states, the sun burnt every day. It burnt timeSo if he burntthings with the firemen and the sun burnt Time, that meant that everythingburnt! One of them had to stop burning. The sun wouldnt, certainly(141). With this comment Montag realizes that he can no longer be a book burner,but that he has to preserve books. After this revelation, Montag happens uponfire once again. That small motion, the white and red color, a strangefire because it meant a different thing to him. It was not burning. It waswarming He hadnt known fire could look this way (145-46). Montagwas no w seeing fire as a nourishing, life giving flame. The title of the thirdpart of the book, Burning Bright, shows that even while the city isstill burning brightly from the wars destruction, the spirit of all the exilemen is also burning brightly. This signifies a future of hope and optimism. Throughout Fahrenheit 451 Montag goes through a transformation from book burnerto book preserver. Montag mirrors the path taken by one of prisoners inPlatos Allegory of the Cave. The prisoner went through a metamorphosis fromillusion to wisdom. In the Allegory of the Cave there are many prisoners; allwith their arms, legs, and heads shackled so that they could only look forward. .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .postImageUrl , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:hover , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:visited , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:active { border:0!important; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:active , .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5 .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf659728cf3257e3af7b24488cf3ab7e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Will To Power By Friedrich Nietzsche EssayThis represents how the totalitarian government in Fahrenheit 451 forceseveryone to see only the governments beliefs and views. While in this cave,there is a fire above and behind them, and between them and the fire is a wall. This wall is acting like a screen in a puppet show. There are other men walkingalong the wall carrying statues and carvings of animals which appear over thewall. This symbolizes Montags job of burning books and his helping to keepothers in the dark; only showing them what the government wants them to see andknow. The prisoners, like Montag and others in his society, can only see theshadows of the statues along the cave wall, and this is what they believe to bethe truth. Somehow one of the prisoners is able to escape, and at first he is inpain. Just as Montag escaped the beliefs and views of his society, with the helpfrom Clarisse and Faber. At first, Montag could not and would not accept books,but he began to see the power they had, he began to see the truth. This paincomes from the light (truth), and the prisoner is compelled to look away fromthe light, and to take refuge in the objects which he could see. Once again, theprisoner carries himself towards the cave entrance, and this t ime he sees thesun. At first, the sun hurts him also, but the prisoner grows accustomed to thelight. The same way Montag felt when he first learned the truth; it hurt to knowthat all he knew was false, but he began to accept it and he liked it and wantedto share this knowledge with others. After learning the truth of the cave, theprisoner also tries to return to the others that are held captive and free themto show them the truth. However, they only believe what their illusions, and theprisoner is ridiculed, called crazy, and exiled from the cave. This alsohappened to Montag when he tried to share his knowledge with others; such as hiswife, her friends, and Captain Beatty.

Friday, May 1, 2020

Music Lyrics Today Essay Example For Students

Music Lyrics Today Essay No matter what the motive behind the explicitness of popular music, there are social implications. Many sociological studies have been performed to test how explicit music affects the brain, in particular aggressive behavior. Government officials and protest groups have fought for censorship legislation and prohibition of the sales of such music. Daniel Levities (2006) claims, As a tool for arousing feelings and emotions, music is better than language. It is probable that music with negative or angry motives could arouse feelings of aggression Just as sad song brings a tear to your eye. Music affects the brain in ways that are trying to be understood. One major subject of that investigation is how aggressive music affects brain function. What we attempt to investigate in this paper is the effect of explicit lyrics on society. To do this, we decided to focus on four specific areas in which such music affects society: drug subculture, aggression towards women, legal legislation, and censorship. Although drug subcultures have long been part of American society, the concept has been popularized over the past several decades through various media outlets. The most notable and widely covered of these is the music industry. The definition of a drug subculture is difficult to find in any official dictionary or encyclopedia; however Wisped (2007) defines it as groups of people loosely united by a common understanding of the meaning and value (good or otherwise) of the incorporation into life of the drug in question. The article goes on to discuss how such groups can take many different forms, whether it be a small group of friends who take a drug together or full-scale political and social movements concerning drug reform. A drug culture is said to be the product of combining all of these drug subcultures together. Additionally, there are many different drug subcultures, which stem from the use of separate drugs. For example, the subculture surrounding cannabis use is much larger and different than that of crystal meet users. The division of subcultures arises due to the different kinds of experiences users have, the stigma attached to the drug, as well as the various problems each drug possesses or the users encounter. Different drug subcultures are most often shown in the media via popular music, most notably hip-hop and alternative/punk rock in todays society. However, the concept of drugs strong correlation with music is not unique to the current generation. Whether it is a certain musicians use of drugs or Just lyrics bout them, drugs and music have gone hand-in-hand for decades. Early rock stars such as Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash were both addicted to speed and other uppers. Americas cultural revolution in the sass spawned an entire genre of Joplin and Jim Hendrix. The Battles, arguably the most popular band of all time, wrote lyrics riddled with drug references such as Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, which has been long believed to be about LSI. The advent of Jam bands, such as Phips, created a second drug revolution where individuals continued to listen to music while on drugs in order to achieve higher states of being or have out of body experiences. The sass continued to be defined by psychedelic bands, such as Pink Floyd, and songs like Eric Claptraps Cocaine, which speaks for itself regarding the guitarists drug use in the decade. The disco era, which spanned from the late sass through the early sass, was defined by heavy drug use, in particular cocaine. The hair bands of the sass, such as Van Helen and Guns N Roses, became notorious for their excessive school and drug abuse. Many of the sass most promising musicians lives were cut short by drug induced deaths. Although the most famous musician death of the decade was the suicide of Nirvanas Kurt Jacobin, it has been widely reported that he was using heroin heavily due to his depression and inability to cope with fame. Other famous sass musicians, such as Shannon Hon. of Blind Melon or Brad Newell of Sublime, died of cocaine and heroin overdoses, respectively. Keith Richards, the lead guitarist for the Rolling Stones, has become one of the worlds most famous drug icons for his self-admitted heavy use of numerous substances. A recent interview with published in NÉE Music Magazine, asserts that Richards took his dead fathers ashes and snorted them after mixing them with some cocaine (CNN News, 2007). Although Richards has disputed the claims as taken out of context, it is stories like these, which are about rock stars and their drug habits, that seem to capture the publics attention. Todays generation has etched itself into the drug/music timeline with the advent of clubs drugs such as Ecstasy, rave parties, and hip-hop music. In a story reported by CNN in February of 2001, London police officials were investigating whether rapper Amine instigated British youth to use Ecstasy at one of his shows in Manchester, England. Although no lawsuit was ever filed, the extent that rappers make illicit drug references in their years, such as Amines My mom smokes more dope than I do, clearly have an impact on todays society Although current drug lyrics are under more scrutiny than those in the past, the linkage between drugs and music is in no way a new concept. It has been going on for generations and will continue to exists for decades to come. Another effect of popular music is violent acts towards women. Often in music videos, women are portrayed as objects. Does Music Support Violence? EssayThe morning of he massacre, they listened to music by Marilyn Manson and others before heading to the school for the shooting. In response to connections such as these, research has been conducted to determine the effects of inappropriate lyrics in popular music. One thorough study examined what they called the precursors to aggression. The researchers found that listening to violent songs let to more aggressive interpretations of otherwise ambiguous situations and wording. The researcher looked at short- and long-term effects of such lyrics on the psyche of listeners. Regarding the short-term effects, he violent-song-inspired increases in aggressive thoughts and feelings can influence perceptions of ongoing social interactions (Anderson et al. , 2003). Long- term effects may contribute to the development of an aggressive personality (Anderson et al. , 2003). In either case, one can see how the consequences could indicate a more aggressive verbal or physical response to provocation, beginning a spiral of increasing aggressiveness toward social situations. This argument has been used before in attempts to create some sort of censorship of music on the radio. Parents fear for their impressionable children who cant seem to et enough of these inappropriate lyrics. Mandates have been set in place to help parents to regulate the kinds of music that their children listen to. Parental Advisory stickers are now required on the cover of albums containing offensive lyrics of any kind, be it violence, sexual content, or language. This concept of parental control has also been spread to media such as the television, where parents can control the shows that their children can watch. The relationship between music and personality development has been made, and has been used to regulate some of the exposure of hillier to these influences, however there is still debate whether it could stand up in court to take the blame for the actions of an angry teenager. Music, many people including parents, congressmen, teachers, and even the public in general, believe that something must be done to censor them. Censorship can take many forms such as parental advisory labels, banned concerts, banned cover art, rating systems, and legislative bills/laws. Not only is it thought that these lyrics are the cause of teenage violence, drug abuse, and aggression toward women, but also that they are an abomination to society as a whole. Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy for the past two decades, and although there are currently no censorship laws, many individual businesses, such as radio stations and retail stores, have taken extreme measures to make clear that they do not support crude, obscene, or vulgar lyrics in todays music. First of all, radio stations frequently require modern day rap and hip hop artists to record a clean version of songs that they want played on the radio. A good example is when Los Angels rapper Exhibit was preparing to release his latest single, Front 2 Back, and was told by his record label that the first verse including the lyrics Attract pitches like flies to sit/Pop pills and ride the dick/Inning cant swing this quick/lam dark McGuire/Banning sit over the fence with Reconciled could not be played on the radio (Diddle, 15). Exhibit was forced to record a cleaner version in order for the song to be aired, this time changing the above lyrics to: Candy paint automatic an stick/Rappers cant swing this quick/lam dark McGuire/Banning hits over the fence with Reconciled, (Diddle, 15). As one can see, the second version does not include any offensive language and is considered appropriate for the radio. Usually each radio station will have its own criteria of what they deem appropriate for public airing, and music television shows, such as MET and BET, have their own criteria as well. In addition to artists recording clean versions of their music, another measure thats being taken to ensure the censorship of offensive lyrics is the decision of many retail stores to not sell certain music. One retailer who has chosen this path is Wall- Mart, who will not sell any popular music compact discs that they find offensive Strauss, AH). All the CDC on Wall-Marts shelves are marked either clean, or edited, and the ones that arent have usually been altered from their original version. Also, Wall-Mart will require record labels to alter the artwork displayed on the front of albums in order to meet their criteria. Since Wall-Mart is the single largest seller of pop music in the country, Its refusal to stock albums with lyrics or cover art that it finds objectionable has long been a frustration for some customers, musicians and record-industry executives, (Strauss, AH). However, Because of Wall-Marts clout, cord labels and bands will design different covers and booklets, omit songs from their albums, electronically mask objectionable words and even change lyrics in order to gain a place on Wall-Marts shelves, (Strauss, AH).

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Birds of a feather flock together free essay sample

After reading chapter one of the mating game, it shows that relationships are more likely to occur between two people who have similar characteristics. When two people share the same values, goals, and outlook on life there going share a deeper connection. By sharing common interests and hobbies your relationship will run smoother, when it comes to picking activities to do as a couple. Now there are also benefits by not having similar characteristics. For example I know that I am bad with money, but my boyfriend is really good with money so in that way we balance each other out. I strongly believe that there should be a healthy balance between similar characteristics and non-similar characteristics. When looking for a long-term partner you need to know one another’s strengths and weaknesses. It could be things like, the wife is a wonderful cook but has no idea how to change a tire and the husband can change a tire but when it comes to cooking he can some how manages to burn water. We will write a custom essay sample on Birds of a feather flock together or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When it comes to religion I find that it is more important to share the same beliefs as someone else. By not sharing the same beliefs it will most likely be a cause of many arguments. It will also be hard to decide how you will raise you children. With all this being said I believe that people with similar characteristics, values, goals, and religious beliefs are more likely to be attracted to one another compared to people that don’t have as much in common. I like how you pointed out that differences could also be beneficial to a relationship. I know of many relationships where one individual is shy and a introvert but their partner is very out-going and is extroverted. They all seem to love their relationship because they balance each other out. For example the outgoing person adds spice to the shy individuals life, and the shy individual helps the outgoing one stay calm when they need to be. I do believe being similar is more beneficial for a healthy relationship. But like you said â€Å"I strongly believe that there should be a healthy balance between similar characteristics and non-similar characteristics. † One example would be is if you and your partner had different opinions on certain things, sometimes this can be beneficial because you might need a different opinion then your own when it comes to serious situations such as living situations, family or even friend situations. Hearing and taking the advise of your partners different opinion can set you down the right path. Doing what you think is right is an important thing to think about because it might not always be the best decision, your partner could always have different experiences with the situation you are currently in and would know how to deal with it in a better way then you may think. This tells us is okay to think differently then your partner, as long as you loved alike. One example to add on to what you are expressing would be if your partner is is good at math and your good at English you could help each other with these subjects.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis

Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis Hotel Cavendish is located in the dynamic center of Bloomsbury in UK. A PESTEL examination is an essential tool which helps in analyzing the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legislative pressures which may affect an institution (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23). These external pressures that have an effect on Hotel Cavendish ought to be vigilantly taken into account by the hotel administration.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hotel’s strategic fundamental position in the capital makes it susceptible to PESTEL pressures. This is evident in the existence of new rules in the city that need acquiescence. Demographic changes may lead to the diminution of market size and a fresh technology may be introduced (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23). This requires new advertising and end user approval alternatives that need clear exemplification. In a social context, London has an assortment of religion and cultures. Hundreds of languages are spoken in its environs and the employment of more trained staff that is multi-lingual is necessary for the 4-star hotel. Around 2 million visitors from all over the globe visit the center every month either for business purposes or leisurely as tourists. Demographic trends evident in the changes in the populace age, composition along with the entry of new cultures and race in the area make it appropriate for the hotel to identify its potential clients. The capital is an economic center and countless intercontinental businesses are carried out here. Large business moguls arrive in the city of London to transact huge business deals. There ought to be additional options of spacious conference rooms for delegates, aside from the present ones which host 2-80 people (Cavendish hotel, 2010). The hotel administration should endeavor to sust ain regular businessmen who may want urgent accommodation in the hotel or referred to alternative areas. Even though it is required to reserve in advance, there can be exceptional reservations for a number of regulars. There are hundreds of overseas banks and offices for thousands of companies in London, and the employees and officials may need making urgent reservations. The effect of recession and change in stock exchange market fluctuations must be strictly monitored. Trends in economic indicators like the cost of raw materials and the level of income of its clients are essential information in knowing the visiting trends of clients.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental issues from time to time control the social decisions and purchasing options that clients make in the selection of new services being offered in the hotel. Use of solar technology to pr oduce energy and having breezy areas of shady plants are a benefit in selection of whether one will make reservations for the hotel or select a different option. Out-of-doors landscaping with appropriate foliage at the lounge and entrance can take account of areas for dining. The hotel is a non-smoking zone. This course of action will successfully draw more non-smokers (Cavendish hotel, 2010). Those who smoke have to use alternative hotels, hence loss of clients. An effective way of pleasing both is by having rooms in a section for smokers. Some delegates may either be smokers or non-smokers and may desire to be accommodated in the same place. It is not forgotten that technology is intensifying at an extraordinarily rapid pace. Sources of power and information systems are undergoing modification thus the need for the hotel to be very adaptive to these changes. Available options for publicity should be employed in an aggressive edge (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23 ). The government on numerous occasions initiates changes in bylaws and rules which may stabilize or weaken the hotels functionality. Such changes are directly related to politics consequently affecting the number of visitors into the country and the hotel. The operations in Cavendish hotel is affected by different forms of pressure that are best illustrated by the Pestle criterion. It is imperative to acknowledge that the success of the venture is wholly reliant on the manner in which it manipulates the environment as portrayed by the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legislative concepts (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23) Reference List Cavendish hotel, 2010, Hotel Cavendish, 12th may 2010, www.hotelcavendish.com Institute of leadership and management, 2007, marketing for managers, Massachusetts, Elsevier. Pp. 23Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16 .05 $11/page Learn More

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

International trade & business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International trade & business - Assignment Example onal trade and its correlation with foreign direct investments, domestic environments, latest technologies, and the impact on the current international business environment. It also describes the role of driving forces behind the firmly integrated global international trade system. A substantial preference is given to underline the implications of international trade i.e. declining barriers to the international business and its continuous contribution towards the world’s economy. It also analyzes that how the international businesses are reacting to the changing environment of global economy. The paper puts some light on the concerns highlighted by rapid growth of international trade along with its implications to some particular countries and multinational companies. The roles of these companies and government policies have been critically analyzed to figure out the benefits and gray areas of international trade. Over the past thirty years or so, a universal shift has been occurring in the world economy. There was a time when national economies were isolated from one another and relatively self contained. The rationale of isolation included barriers to cross-border trade and investment, i.e. due to distance, time zone, environment and cultures, natural differences in languages and political regulations, and the business systems. Today, the world has been observing a totally different scenario because geographical distances are reducing due to tremendous development in telecommunications and transportation technologies. Beside this, the global environment and culture have turned into almost same fashion while national economies are merging into an integrated as well as independent global economic system. All these changes and developments have decreased the barriers to cross-border trade and investments. It is widely believed that all such happenings and improvements have been occurred by the tremendous growth of international trade at global scale (Panic,

Monday, February 3, 2020

Royal Mail Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Royal Mail Literature Review - Essay Example This paper covers the theoretical concepts of the strategic processes implemented by Royal Mail that include its internal and external analysis. The review covers a wide variety of different sources to locate various types of information about the company. Furthermore, a detailed research has been done on the management of the company that includes the management of its workforce and the future targets that are desired to achieve. Organization Overview Royal Mail is one of the biggest postal and courier service company in United Kingdom. It has various subsidiaries which include Royal Mail, Post Office and Parcel-force all over the globe. The company also offers various services which include postal mail services, parcel delivery systems and general logistics systems through their subsidiaries. It mainly focuses on the deliveries of letters and packages to different parts of the world by all the regions in the United Kingdom. Royal Mail has nearly 113,000 post boxes and 14,300 post o ffice branches all over the country which collects letters, packages and parcels from many different businesses (Boxall & Purcell, 2003). These letters and packages are further processed through 70 mail centers, 8 regional distribution centers and 3,000 delivery offices that are located in different parts of the country (Goddard & Melville, 2004). Royal Mail is indeed one of the most successful organizations in United Kingdom and holds a unique place in the global market. Internal Analysis Royal Mail is one of the oldest courier service companies that is controlled by the government of United Kingdom. As far as its internal analysis is concerned, the core strategies that are implemented by this organization are listed below: Pricing Strategy The strategies of Royal are based upon customer centric approach and appropriate managerial implications are considered when they are implementing their own strategies. This organization strictly works on the principle that since the needs of th e customers vary with time therefore they should adapt to these changes that can benefit them in both the short and the long run (Barney & Clark, 2007). Similarly the customers should also believe that the products and services offered by this organization are value added and that they are meant for the targeted customers only. As far as the pricing strategy of this organization is concerned it mostly focuses to offer their services at lower rates that can be afforded by customers of every class. Although there are many pricing schemes that can be implemented by the organizations such as premium pricing, competitive pricing and discount pricing. However, in the initial stage when this company was launched they adapted the premium pricing as the product was new in the market and the customers were also responding quite well. But as the company grew older the company focused on discount pricing and after that competitive pricing options were also introduced because new competitors wer e entering into the market. Later they also implemented zonal pricing in order to obtain a competitive advantage in both the short and the long run. Marketing Strategy The marketing of Royal Mail is very proactive and that is the reason why they are able to implement different marketing strategies effectively. These strategies are usually created by the decision makers of the company. It is

Sunday, January 26, 2020

How does macroeconomics factors affect smes in tanzania

How does macroeconomics factors affect smes in tanzania Essay one talked about how macroeconomics factors such as inflation, monetary policy, taxation and international trade affect the economy of Tanzania as a whole. As stated in essay one, this essay will discuss about how these microeconomics factors affect the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) or occasionally known as micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tanzania. In Tanzania (SME Development Policy, 2002), it is at present increasingly recognized that SMEs play an important job in employment contribution, income generation and stimulation of growth in both rural and urban sectors. SMEs can easily be set up given that their requirements in terms of capital, technology, management, etc. are not as demanding compared to large enterprises. SME Development Policy (2002) wrote different countries use different measures of size according to their development level. In the perspective of Tanzania, micro enterprises are those employing up to 4 employees or utilizing capital amounting up to Tshs.5 million. Small enterprises are those that are employing between 5 and 49 employees or with capital investment amounting from Tshs.5 million to Tshs.200 million. Medium enterprises are those employing between 50 and 99 employees or utilize capital investment amounting from Tshs.200 million to Tshs.800 million. The above information can be summarized using the table below: In 2002, the Government of Tanzania (quoted by Aikaeli, 2007) stated that it is estimated that about a third of the GDP originates from the SME sector and employs approximately 20% of the Tanzanian work force. This data shows that SME sector plays a significant role in the economy. According to Morwa (2006), following the privatization drive and the civil and public service reforms which began to take place in the early 1990s in Tanzania, the country observed a considerable increase in the number of SMEs over the last one decade. SME Development Policy (2002) argued that due to the existence of a number of restrictions hindering the development of Tanzania SME sector such as unfavorable legal and regulatory framework, undeveloped infrastructure, poor business development services, limited access of SMEs to finance, ineffective and poorly coordinated institutional support framework etc., the full potential of this sector has yet to be tapped. The anticipated result is to have a considerably increased contribution of the SME sector to economic development of Tanzania. Monetary policy and its contribution to the SMEs in Tanzania: As described in essay one, the Bank of Tanzania is the central bank of Tanzania and in 1995, according to Wikipedia (2010) the bank had one single main objective, which was monetary policy. One of the problems that SMEs in Tanzania face is limited access to finance. The government decided to set up the following schemes to tackle with this problem: Small and Medium Enterprise Credit Guarantee Scheme (SME-CGS): According to BOT (2010), this scheme was set up by the government during the financial year 2004/5. It is executed by the Bank of Tanzania (BOT) in alliance with Financial Institutions. SME-CGS is devised to promote and support SMEs by building up an enabling environment for expansion and making possible access to financial resources, thus speeding up economic growth and job creation. Economic Empowerment Programme (J.K. Fund): In the financial year 2006/7, the government kept aside about Tshs.21 billion. Mkukuta (2008) stated that the motive of the fund is to offer special consideration loans through normal banking practices to empower SMEs, and especially those that are in the rural and urban areas. The execution of the programme is categorized into two phases. The first phase was assigned Tshs.10.5 billion, which were issued under Credit Guarantee Scheme. The CRDB and NMB banks were selected to partake in the first phase. The second phase was also assigned with Tshs.10.5 billion, which were issued to banks and non-bank financial institutions to offer loans mostly to districts that CRDB and NMB banks were not able to cover during the first phase. According to Mkukuta (2008), as of 30th September 2008, loans worth of Tshs.39 billion were issued from the first phase allocation, whereby the CRDB bank issued about Tshs.22.8 billion and 26,384 entrepreneurs profited from this. NMB bank issued about Tshs.16.2 billion and 21,955 entrepreneurs profited from this. In total, the number of entrepreneurs that profited was 48,370. Mwananchi Empowerment Fund: This scheme was commenced in January 2008. According to Mkukuta (2008), since it was launched with limited capital resources of about Tshs.400 million, the government decided to launch the scheme in five regions in the first phase and carry on with other regions subject to the availability of funds. The first phase regions included Lindi, Mtwara, Manyara, Singida and Rukwa. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been signed between the CRDB Bank and the National Economic Empowerment Council (NEEC), whereby NEEC had agreed to deposit about Tshs.400 million to the CRDB Bank as cash guarantee. The scheme seeks to empower Tanzania citizens to access capital and loans and take part in the economic activities of the country. The following are the objectives of the Fund as given by Mkukuta (2008): Widen investment knowledge among Tanzanians Enhance employment opportunities Offer a connection among institutions, companies and corporations that are registered under the Economic Empowerment Act by bringing coordination in their activities, counseling and developing them Offer loans to private individuals, corporations and institutions under credit guarantee scheme or non-guarantee scheme. Mkukuta (2008) concluded that until 30th September 2008, a total loan worth Tshs.143,770,000 has been issued to two of the first phase regions; Lindi and Mtwara. CRDB BANK LTD TANZANIA: Masuke (2010) stated in his presentation that CRDB Bank is a private commercial bank that was set up in July 1996. CRDB Bank is one of the banks in Tanzania that cannot escape doing and expanding business with the SMEs sector. This is because of the intense competition for the small corporate market. Because of this predicament, CRDB Bank has been compelled to adjust their traditional banking philosophy and practice and seek out methodologies of dealing with the crisis built-in in financing of SMEs in Tanzania. According to CRDB Bank (Masuke, 2010), SMEs are those with: Number of staff between 1 and 100 in the midst of them are relatives of the entrepreneur Capital investment of between Tshs.5 million to Tshs.800 million Requirement of businesses loan amounting Tshs.1 million to Tshs.100 million Annual sales turnover of Tshs.20 million to Tshs.500 million One of the problems faced by SMEs is getting finance from banks. CRDB Bank carried out a survey to uncover what was hampering SMEs from accessing finance. Masuke (2010) wrote that the following were the results: SMEs sector is viewed as a high risk and costly to finance SMEs have poor auditing and accounting framework Lack of enough guarantee schemes to back-up financing SMEs Inadequate knowledge of business operations Failure of borrowers to organize and present applications/business plan that meets the banks requirements. Failure of SMEs to fulfill collateral requirements. According to Masuke (2010), the following are the initiatives that CRDB Bank took to support SMEs: Devise modified products for SMEs: The bank developed two credit products for SMEs: working capital loan and investment loan. The repayment style developed is by installments. In working capital loan, the minimum repayment period was developed to be 3months and the maximum 12months while in investment loan, the minimum repayment period is 12months and the maximum 60months. Capacity building for CRDB staff and SME customers: In building capacity for CRDB staff, the bank had to hire new staffs who specially deal with SMEs. Furthermore, all employed staffs had to go through an intensive training. In building capacity for SMEs, the bank offers free business and loan management training to SMEs. In addition, after training the trainees are provided with booklet called SME Toolkit, which can be used as a reference. Increase the range of collaterals accepted by the bank: Before CRDB Bank implemented the SMEs concept, it used to call for just traditional collateral. But now, the bank has broadened the range of acceptable collaterals to include non-traditional collaterals e.g. Residential License, properties with offer letters, used motor vehicles and machines etc. Introduction of customer relationship concept at branch level: The bank extended the relationship concept to branch level, which can allow the bank to build a strong relationship with its SMEs. The SME concept was executed as a project in 2005. Since then, the project has been a hit with remarkable growth in terms of portfolio and number of customers. International trade and SMEs: Tanzanias ability to face global economic challenges depends on the stage of development of its SMEs. According to OECD Bologna conference (2000), there are four requirements for development of competitive SMEs that meet the criteria to get involved in cross-border business: Provision of effective business support services Availability of long-term finance Availability of a good state of information and communication technology infrastructure Existence of appropriate social capital The following are the strategies that SMEs can adopt when involving in international activities (Young, 1987): Exporting Foreign direct investments (FDI) Strategic alliance Joint ventures Licensing, etc. According to Saiguran (2007), some of the problems that SMEs in Tanzania face include: Lack of appropriate information, knowledge and skills Challenge of small and competitive domestic market Inadequate and inefficient infrastructural facilities Multiplicity of taxes The following are some of the initiatives that were set up in order to promote international trade in Tanzania: The Board of External Trade (BET): This scheme was set up in 1978. The scheme is responsible for: International markets searching Synchronizing foreign businesses requiring to trade in Tanzania Sorting out and helping out involvement in overseas trade fairs, exhibitions, and missions Carrying out Research and Development on external trade According to BET (2007), since the time the scheme was set up, it has been synchronizing and carrying out training programmes in all areas of international trade, holding specialized exhibitions and carrying out market research. Mini-Tiger Plan 2020: this scheme is fed into the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP). According to Aikaeli (2007), this scheme is responsible for: Promote competitiveness of Tanzanian products on the global markets Promote exports Create special economic zones. The zones that were created included: Tanzania Export Processing Zones, which was set up by the parliament Act of 2002 and Zanzibar Free Trade Economic Zones Authority (ZFTEZA), which was created in 1992 SMEs Export Credit Guarantee Scheme: this scheme was set up in 2003 by the government of Tanzania through the central bank. The aim of the scheme is to facilitate export trade. According to BOT (2006), the scheme is geared to support SMEs in line with the National SMEs Development Policy. In order to assist the mentioned above scheme in minimizing problems that are affect by SMEs in relation to international trade, the government in collaboration with private non-governmental organization (NGOs) organizes workshops and seminars to sensitize and educate people on how to cope with the existing global challenges. For example, SMEs Competitive Facility (SCF) of Tanzania organized a course with jingle Track IT, Trace IT Tanzania: Competitiveness for Tanzania. According to SCF (2006), SCF grants opportunity for businesses that desire to build up or add to their ability to trade and export. Regardless of all the problems that SMEs face in Tanzania in relation to international trade (Aikaeli, 2007), SMEs still have the potential to effectively compete and gain the benefits of the rapid expending international trade. AMKA: DAR-ES-SALAAM, TANZANIA Tomesen and Gibson (1998) stated that AMKA is a Swahili word meaning awareness or awaken. It is an NGO in Tanzania which specializes in export and marketing-oriented business development services (BDS) to Tanzania SMEs. AMKA was founded in 1994. Its main goal is to: Increase the incomes and numbers of Tanzanians (employees and/or producers) involved in exportsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [And] increase the value of agricultural output in Tanzania via exportsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Tomesen and Gibson, 1998) In other words, Tomesen and Gibson (1998) wrote AMKAs export/market-focuses technique is to improve business performance by increasing efficiency and turnover through improved access to new markets (domestic and foreign). In quest of the goal, AMKA carries out a variety of activities that target the SME sector. These create a balancing market/export-focused portfolio of services and can basically be categorized into two groups: Training and advisory services providing training in small business development skills and business planning for export. Trade promotion and intermediary services AMKA acts as an agent between producers and customers. It offers market information on export, assist producers who need export facilities and eases the connection between the producers and alternative trade organizations, which are the customers. AMKA also helps producers and intermediary organizations to take part in trade fairs and offer ethical and quality standard audits of producers for external customers and carries out market research AMKAs key income source is the Department for International Development (DFID). In 1994, it endorsed a 4 year funding of $557,053, which was to assist in forming the organization (AMKA). Nevertheless, the awareness strategy of lessening reliance on one donor has been successful. Reliance on DFID funding has lessened from 94% in 1994/5 to 40% IN 1997/8. Important funds from other donors began to enter into the organization. The percentage of internally generated funds has risen from 5% in 1994/95 to 41% in 1997/98. According to Tomesen and Gibson (1998), AMKA successfully serves two groups of customers: SMEs in Tanzania Overseas customers These customers are mainly in two sectors: food-processing and handicraft production. The customer base is extremely different in terms of the organization structure, the number of employees, their activities and main products. The customer enterprises size ranges from 4 to 446 employees. Customer enterprises have a range of structures of ownership, which include: producer groups (groups of self-employed people), co-operative societies, privately limited companies, parastatals, and associations. Originally, AMKAs focus was to develop intermediaries (co-operatives and associations) who could, in turn, deliver services to producers. Nevertheless, AMKA has shifted deliberately towards to offering more services to producers itself directly mainly because of the weakness of these intermediaries and the complexity in increasing their ability. In general, Tomesen and Gibson (1998) concluded that it is obvious that AMKA has had a positive impact on the economy of Tanzania in general and on producers, SMEs in particular. Because of AMKA, some businesses were rescued; others, for the first time, were introduced to exports, or had export sales increased. Effects of Inflation on SMEs in Tanzania: As described in the first essay, Thompson and Vane (1979) argued that inflation can be caused by a simultaneous fall in the value of money. Inflation had continuously pressure Bank of Tanzania in the year 2009-10 due to its double digit and is expected to remain the same due to government expenditure ahead of October elections, the anticipated dry weather and the deteriorating of the shilling. The rate of inflation affects SMEs access to finance. As described in essay one, a high rate of inflation restricts SMEs from access to finance from the banks and other financial institutions while a low rate of inflation widens the SMEs chances of accessing funds. Because of this, inflation is considered as one of the factors that get in the way of the growth of SMEs in Tanzania, in a way that it puts off investors. Investors prefer to invest in countries where currencies are stable and rates of inflation are low. In order to help the SMEs sector, the central bank of Tanzania has set up a chain of strict fiscal measures to control inflation. Professor Benno Ndulu, the governor of the Bank of Tanzania (cited by Emerging Markets Business News, 2010), in an exclusive interview in Dar es Salaam said his institution was acting quickly and resolutely to turn around the rising rate of inflation. He said the bank would remain alert against the risk of higher food and fuel prices firing up the inflations upward spiral. He continued to say that increasing inflation was a worldwide happening and that the Bank was working round the clock to have power over money liquidity in the economy as one of the measures to deal with the problem. As an economics expert, Prof. Ndulu suggested that Tanzania as a nation requires to produce more food for its rapidly increasing population to trim down reliance on costly imported food products, which add up to inflationary pressures. He challenged regulators such as the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) and others to make certain that when prices of fuel at the global market dro p, such positive changes should be experienced by Tanzania too. The Bank of Tanzania also controls the growth of money in order to control inflation. According to Ballali (2004), controlling the growth of money enables the bank to have influence over the rates of inflation. In controlling the growth of money, the bank targets broad money, M2, which is currency in circulation outside banks, and total deposits detained by commercial banks, not including foreign currency deposits. BANK OF TANZANIA (BOT): The Bank of Tanzania is responsible for controlling the rate of inflation. Ballali (2004) wrote the objective of monetary policy is to attain a low and stable rate of inflation, which has a link with the key objective of the Bank of Tanzania, which is price stability. Therefore, the bank has an obligation of making sure that it sets up monetary conditions that are in agreement with low and stable inflation. According to Ballali (2004), the focus of the Bank of Tanzania is on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which it uses to determine inflation. The rate of change in the overall CPI is known as the headline inflation rate. The inflation rate, not including food prices is regularly known as the non-food inflation rate. Non-food inflation rate is used to calculate price movements, which are mostly influenced by policy factors, but can also be often affected by external factors. The Bank of Tanzania also keeps an eye on food prices and their index. This is for the reason that food prices are occasionally influenced by non-monetary factors like drought and floods, which can have an effect on inflation significantly in spite of the attitude of monetary policy. The rate of change in food price index is known as the food inflation rate. Ballali (2004) stated that by controlling the growth of money supply, Central Banks have influence over inflation. The Bank of Tanzania targets broad money, M2, which is described as currency in circulation outside banks, and total deposits detained by commercial banks, not including foreign currency deposits. M2 is selected for the reason that it is the monetary aggregate that is estimated to have closest relationship with the rate of inflation. Central Banks usually have influence over reserve money (base money, or central bank money), as stated by Ballali (2004) which is directly connected to money supply in order to control the growth of M2. Reserve money is described as the liabilities of a Central Bank, which consist of currency detained outside banks and banks reserves detained by the Central Bank. Taxation and its effect on SMEs: According to Mittah (2009), there are two classifications of SMEs: SMEs formal these are potential taxpayers who comply with the tax laws, are well structured and keeps records SMEs informal these are not well structured and have complexities in keeping records. Most of the micro taxpayers fall under informal sector There are advantages in grouping taxpayers, which according to Kimungu and Kileva (2007) include: Simple to manage. Simple to recognize. Simple to educate or counsel on taxation issues. Risk minimization. Higher compliance. The tax system is unfavorable for SMEs development. According to SME Development Policy (2002), the business community has the following perception about Tanzanias taxes: The rates of taxes are higher in relation to neighboring countries in the region Taxes are many and collected by a variety of authorities including: the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), some Central Government Ministries (e.g. Lands, Natural Resources Environment Tourism Energy and Minerals etc.) and Local government Authorities. These are some of the reasons why entrepreneurs are ignorant of tax matters and the cost of acting in agreement with tax regulations is regarded as high. While taxation of businesses is a requirement for national economic development, the current tax system inflicts a major weight on SMEs. The following are the strategies that are set up in order to promote compliances in paying tax by the SMEs: Simplify tax systems: for SMEs the tax system is considered to be complicated. Simplifying the tax system can promote voluntary compliance in paying tax. Mittah (2009) stated that Tanzania has opted for the introduction of presumptive tax system to reinstate income tax, VAT and stamp duties. Presumptive tax system was set up in July 2004 with the intention of minimizing the problems that are faced by SMEs taxpayers in abiding by with the laws of tax. Introduce tax incentives to foster SMEs: tax incentives like low tax rate to those who comply with the tax laws can encourage SMEs to comply and abide by with the tax laws. The Sustainable Industrial Development Policy SIDP (1996 2020): SME Development Policy (2002) reported that this scheme was set up in order to place specific stress on encouragement of small and medium industries through the following measures: Supporting current and new promotion institutions Simplification of taxation Licensing and registration of SMEs Progress access to financial services. Persuades informal sector businesses to grow and be formalized. TANZANIA REVENUE AUTHORITY (TRA): TANZANIA TRA is one of the government companies that are responsible for the application of the Value Added Tax (VAT) to SMEs in Tanzania. VAT was set up in Tanzania on 1st July 1998. Formerly, VAT was known as Sales Tax, but it was replaced because it was unable to create adequate revenue as it was narrow-based. According to TRA (2010) in Tanzania, there are two valid rates of VAT: Standard rate, which is 20% Zero rate, which is 0%. This is generally valid to exports. TRA (2010) gave the following main reasons for setting up VAT: Widen the tax base Achieve economic neutrality Encourage exports Achieve its administrative advantages According to TRA (2010), small businesses are those with yearly taxable turnover of not more than Tshs.40 million. By 31st December 2004, Tanzania had about 355,750 businesses that were registered as small size businesses. This group contributes about 0.44% to the TRA domestic revenue collections. Medium size businesses are those with the yearly taxable turnover exceeding Tshs.40 million, but whose yearly total domestic tax payments to TRA do not go beyond Tshs.400 million. By 31st December 2004, the businesses that were registered as medium size businesses for VAT were about 6,815. This group contributes about 13.2% to TRA total domestic revenue collection. Businesses whose yearly aggregate tax payments to TRA exceed Tshs.400 million are categorized as large taxpayers. TRA has registered about 200 businesses as large taxpayers, including non VAT registered traders such as banks and insurance companies, which entirely deliver free from VAT services. This group contributes about 18% o f TRA total domestic revenue collections. From July to December 2004, about Tshs.2,015.2 million of presumptive tax was accumulated from small businesses. TRAs target was to accumulated tax amounting to Tshs.2,887.3 million, leading to a performance rate of 70%. The key reason for not accomplishing their target was caused by the administrative complicatedness of monitoring the businesses under the informal sector, who do not keep records. About Tshs.60,084.8 million was accumulated from medium size businesses during the first half of Tanzanias financial year 2004/5. TRAs target was to accumulated tax amounting to Tshs.59,212 million, leading to a performance rate of 101%. TRA (2010) stated the following were the reasons for good performance from the medium size businesses: There was close follow-up of monthly tax collections in which the estimated collections are verified by 15th of every month. Recovery of outstanding amount of tax Effective audits Close monitoring of those businesses who do not keep records Tight controls over special free of VAT and VAT repayments Staff training Carrying out of the Departmental Actions Plans The challenges facing Tanzania with respect to taxation of SMEs are in particular to those in the formal sector. Kimungu and Kileva (2007) listed the challenges as: Identification Registration Non compliance Poor of non record keeping Kimungu and Kileva (2007) stated in order to tax SMEs, the TRA has engaged in various activities: Taxpayer education and sensitization Block management system door to door survey Presumptive approach to taxation Assessment procedures Collection formalities and procedures. Conclusion: An assessment of every feature involved in macro-economy i.e. inflation affects, implications of taxation, role of monetary policy and role of international trade suggest variable results. Research has revealed that the SME sector plays a significant role in the economy of Tanzania. The results showed that a third of the GDP originates from the SME sector and employs approximately 20% of the Tanzanian work force. Research has also shown that SME sector has many challenges, which need to be addressed effectively. Given the significance of the sector and the need to transform it to a vibrant and dynamic one, it is essential to put in place strategies that will ease the elimination of those challenges so that it can achieve the desired results. One of the problems that SMEs in Tanzania face, in relation to monetary policy is limited access to finance. This problem exists because the SME sector is viewed as a high risk and costly to finance sector. In order to try eliminating this challenge, the government in collaboration with other financial institutions developed schemes such as SME-CGS, J.K. Fund, etc. which were set up with a main objective of helping the SME sector to have access finance. SMEs also face challenges with international trade. The challenge is caused by SMEs lack of knowledge, information and skills needed to effectively compete in a global environment. Apart from setting up different schemes that tackle this challenge, the government in collaboration with private non-governmental organization (NGOs) also organizes workshops and seminars to sensitize and educate people on how to cope with the existing global challenges. Inflation is considered as one of the factors that get in the way of the growth of SMEs in Tanzania, in a way that it puts off investors. Investors prefer to invest in countries where currencies are stable and rates of inflation are low. The rate of inflation also affects SMEs access to finance. A high rate of inflation restricts SMEs from access to finance while a low rate of inflation widens the SMEs chances of accessing funds. In order to help the SMEs sector, the central bank of Tanzania has set up a chain of strict fiscal measures to control inflation. The tax system is considered as being unfavorable for SMEs development. Business community perceive the rates of Tanzania taxes as being high, complicated and that taxes are many and collected by a variety of authorities. In order to tackle this problem, the tax system need to be simplified so that the SME sector can understand how the whole system works and introduction of tax incentives to foster the SME sector to comply to tax laws.